Due to architectural considerations, the cross-section of a reinforced concrete beam is limited to a width of 300mm and effective depth of 450mm. Compression reinforcement, if needed shall be placed under a total covering of 70mm. If beam carries a design bending moment of 410kN-m, determine the following if fc’=21MPa and fy=276 MPa. The max. steel ratio required for tension.     The steel area required for tension.         The depth of compression block. The steel area required for compression.

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.