(c) Let Y be the set of non-zero real numbers with the subspace topology of R. Then Y is disconnected since (–∞, 0) and (0, ∞0) form a sep- aration. (d) Let Z = R²\R denote the plane minus the real axis, with the subspace topology. Then Z is disconnected since the upper half plane U {(x1, x2) E R?: x, > 0} and lower half plane V = {(x,, x2) E R²: X2 < 0} form a separation. %3D

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Justify the examples (c) and (d) in details
(c) Let Ybe the set of non-zero real numbers with the subspace topology
of R. Then Y is disconnected since (-∞, 0) and (0, ∞) form a sep-
aration.
(d) Let Z = R²\R denote the plane minus the real axis, with the subspace
topology. Then Z is disconnected since the upper half plane U
{(x,, x2) E R²: x2 > 0} and lower half plane V = {(x1, x2) E R²:
X2 < 0} form a separation.
%3D
Transcribed Image Text:(c) Let Ybe the set of non-zero real numbers with the subspace topology of R. Then Y is disconnected since (-∞, 0) and (0, ∞) form a sep- aration. (d) Let Z = R²\R denote the plane minus the real axis, with the subspace topology. Then Z is disconnected since the upper half plane U {(x,, x2) E R²: x2 > 0} and lower half plane V = {(x1, x2) E R²: X2 < 0} form a separation. %3D
Definition: A topological space X is disconnected or separated if it is the union
of two disjoint, non-empty open sets. Such a pair A, B of subsets of X is called a
separation of X. A space X is connected provided that it is not disconnected. In other
words, X is connected if there do not exist open subsets A and B of X such that
A + Ø, B+ Ø, ANB= Ø, AUB= X.
%3D
A subspace Y of X is connected provided that it is a connected space when
assigned the subspace topology. The terms connected set and connected subset are
sometimes used to mean connected space and connected subspace, respectively.
Transcribed Image Text:Definition: A topological space X is disconnected or separated if it is the union of two disjoint, non-empty open sets. Such a pair A, B of subsets of X is called a separation of X. A space X is connected provided that it is not disconnected. In other words, X is connected if there do not exist open subsets A and B of X such that A + Ø, B+ Ø, ANB= Ø, AUB= X. %3D A subspace Y of X is connected provided that it is a connected space when assigned the subspace topology. The terms connected set and connected subset are sometimes used to mean connected space and connected subspace, respectively.
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