A series of perpendicular offsets were taken from the transit line to a curved boundary line. These offsets were taken 10m apart and were recorded as 3.2m, 4.8m, 6.2m, and 7.1m. Determine the area included between the transit line and the curved boundary (Using trapezoidal rule)

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.