A primary wastewater treatment uses centrifugation for dewatering of primary sedimentation sludge. The raw wastewater contains 300 mg/L TSS and 250 mg/L BOD5. The average daily flow to the treatment plant is 5000 m3/d. In primary sedimentation basin, TSS removal is 55%, and BOD5 removal is 30% of the incoming flow.  The primary sludge contains 3.5 % solids. The TSS and BOD5 capture efficiency of centrifugation is 90 % each, and the moisture (water) content of the sludge cake is 70 %.  Assume the specific gravities of the primary and sludge cake are 1.01 and 1.06 g/cm3. 1.Calculate the primary sludge flowrate (underflow rate) (m3/d). 2.Calculate sludge cake flowrate (m3/d).

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Hazard Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering

Hazard is the intrinsic property of a material or process which harms the people, buildings, or environment. Health, safety, hazard, risk assessment, loss prevention, and environmental consideration play an important role while designing a chemical processing plant. Hazard is often confused with risk. Risk measures the magnitude of loss and injury of likelihood incidents or the consequence and frequency of incidents.