A beam has a rectangular thin-walled box section 50 mm wide by 100 mm deep and has walls 2 mm thick. At a particular section the beam carries a bending moment M and a torque T. A rectangular strain gauge rosette positioned on the top horizontal wall of the beam at this section recorded the following values of strain: e, = 1000×10-6, ep = -200×10-“, ɛc = -300×10-6. If the strain gauge 'a' is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the beam and the strain gauge 'c' is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, calculate the values of M and T. Take E= 200 000 N/mm² and v=0.3. Ans. M=3333 Nm, T=1692 Nm.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.