3. Explain the importance of lipid content in thestructure of biological membranes

Membranes in living things are necessary for life as we know it. They create cells and create a…

Answered: 3. Explain the importance of lipid…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A student has 3 unknown molecules. In order to better understand the properties of these molecules, the student adds them to water and notes the following results: Substance A- Creates a layer on top of the water Substance B- Dissolves in water Substance C- Settles at the bottom after being mixed with water Which of these substances is most likely to form a biological membrane? O a. Any of the substances above could create a biological membrane O b. Substance B O c. Substance C O d. There is not enough information to come to a conclusion e. Substance A
1. Explain how each primary structure of a protein affects its properties and how denaturation changes the structure. 2. Explain how each secondary structure of a protein affects its properties and how denaturation changes the structure.
13. A peripheral membrane protein is best described as a protein a. embedded within the phospholipid bilayer. b. that is transmembrane in nature. c. loosely attached to the inner membrane leaflet. d. that traverses the cytosol of a living cell. 14.Sphingomyelin is identified in plasma membrane of a healthy living cell. Which of the following describes its location in that membrane? a. The outer membrane leaflet. b. In a transmembrane arrangement. c. Intercalated between phospholipids. d. Anchored to lipids facing the cytosol. 15.Protein Y is covalently linked to a fatty acid chain of phospholipid of the inner leaflet of a cell's plasma membrane, but its structure does not extend to the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid layer. Therefore protein Y a. Has glycosylated region facing the cytosol. b. functions as a ligand receptor. c. is a single transmembrane protein. d.is oriented towards the cytosolic compartment.
2. What are the greatest structural features that differentiate sphingolipids from phosphoglycerides?
1. Explain why phosphoglycerides are found in lipid bilayer 2. Enumerate and describe the mechanisms of transport across a membrane
5. Please check if correct
15. Some molecules that are covalently bonded do not have a difference in charge across the mol- ecule. These molecules are referred to as nonpolar. What arrangement of electrons would result in a nonpolar molecule? 16. Some examples of nonpolar molecules include fats, oils, and waxes. How do these substances interact with water? 17. What prediction would you make about why oil and water interact in the way described above?
3
1. Differentiate the following in terms of proteins' structural features in living systems? - primary structure vs quaternary structure - H-bonding vs disulfide linkage
3. Use the chemical structures shown on the next page to answer the following questions. Some questions may have more than 1 correct answer, so put down all correct answers. Some structures may be used to answer more than 1 question and some may not be used at all. a. Which molecules are amino acids? b. Which molecules are carbohydrates? c. Which molecule is a hydrophobic amino acid? d. Which molecules are lipids? e. Which molecule(s) possess at least one glycosidic linkage? f. Which molecule(s) possess at least one ester linkage? g. Which molecule(s) is a nucleic acid? h. Which molecule(s) is a nucleotide? i. Which molecules are polypeptides? j. Which molecules are steroids?
8. Glycoproteins can be found on the extracellular surface of cell membranes and are used to facilitate cell-cell interactions (connections, identification of cell type, and communication). How does the structure of this molecule allow for its function? How do you think the function of this glycolipid would change if 3 of the lipid was missing? Why?
6. As a demonstration, an artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a semi permeable membrane is placed into a beaker containing a different solution. The membrane is permeable to water and to monosaccharide's glucose and fructose but completely impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose. The concentration of each cell is described in the diagram below. 0.03M Sucrose 0.02M Glucose 0.01M Sucrose 0.01M Glucose 0.01M Fructose a. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? Explain. b. Which solute(s) will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell? Explain. C. Which solution is hypertonic, the cell or the solution? Explain.

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3. Explain the importance of lipid content in the structure of biological membranes