Assignment 5

pdf

School

California State University, Chico *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

105

Subject

Statistics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by ProfessorUniverseTarsier7

Assignment Five: Using Gamma to analyze and interpret associations between two ordinal variables Name: Marissa Chavez Part I: Use APA style and formatting for all assignments, references, and citations. Yes, have a cover page, too, as well as a running head. Try Purdue Owl for an example APA style paper: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/ Part II: Gamma and bivariate analysis (cross tabulation) of two ordinal variables 1. Using the ACS 2014-2018 dataset recode schl into a new variable called schlcat. 2. Now let’s change the schl values into schlcat values as follows. Your new variable will be called schlcat. If you are having trouble remembering how to recode variables, go back to chapter seven to study how to recode variables. There is also a step-by-step recoding document in course materials. We are recoding the values for schl listed in the ACS data dictionary starting on page 40, also available in course materials, in case you want to see what the values mean that we are recoding. Use the values I have entered in below. Click continue when you finish. Then, click OK to transform the variable. 3. Save your data set with the new variable schlcat.

4. Now, let’s put some labels on those numbers so we know what they mean. Click on the values box for schlcat. In the box that pops up, see below, enter the following variable values and labels. Value=1, Label=Less than H.S.

Value=2, Label=High School Value=3, Label=Some College Value=4, Label=Bachelor’s Degree Value=5, Label=Graduate Degree 5. Notice under variable view that SPSS has tried to sense or defaults the new variable measures. Those default measures are incorrect. We need to change them. We know that our new variable agecat is ordinal, inccat is ordinal, occat is nominal, and schlcat is ordinal. Change the measures by clicking into the boxes and choosing the correct measure. 6. Run frequency tables for inccat and your recoded schlcat variable, under statistics click on mode. You may run each frequency table separately or at the same time. I have doen mine at

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

the same time so the mode is presented for both variables in the same table. Make sure to turn on your weight variable before the analysis. The weight variable is called “pwgtp.” Copy and paste the frequency tables and the table that presents the mode. Yes, I know you have run the frequency table for incnat before. Please, do it anyway and think of it as good practice. Statistics inccat schlcat N Valid 12581405 12581405 Missing 0 0 Mode 2.00 3.00 inccat Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid less than $25,000 2220861 17.7 17.7 17.7 $25,000 to $49,999 3887042 30.9 30.9 48.5 $50,000 to $74,999 2501896 19.9 19.9 68.4 $75,000 to $99,999 1424347 11.3 11.3 79.8 $100,000 to $124,999 973841 7.7 7.7 87.5 $125,000 to $149,999 446970 3.6 3.6 91.0 $150,000 or more 1126448 9.0 9.0 100.0 Total 12581405 100.0 100.0 schlcat Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Less than High School 1522058 12.1 12.1 12.1 High School Graduate 2505447 19.9 19.9 32.0 Some College 3738330 29.7 29.7 61.7 Bachelor's Degree 3044424 24.2 24.2 85.9 Graduate Degree 1771146 14.1 14.1 100.0 Total 12581405 100.0 100.0

7. What kind of measure is inccat and schlcat now that you recoded each of them (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio)? Hint: they have to both be ordinal to use Gamma as a measure of association. I had you recode these variables so both would be ordinal. ☺ inccat: ordinal schlcat: ordinal 8. What is the mode for each variable? inccat: 2.0 – $25,000 to $49,999 schlcat: 3.0 – Some College 9. What does each mode tell us? Write a full sentence for each variable describing what the mode means. The mode tells us that for individuals included in the inccat variable, the most common income is between $25,000 to $49,999 The mode tells us for the variable schlcat that the highest level of education achieved/completed is some college. 10. Which one is your independent variable, which one is your dependent variable? Independent: schlcat Dependent: inccat 11. Follow the directions for demonstration 13.2 in your text except you will use schlcat and inccat as your variables. Make sure your weight variable is turned on. The independent variable goes in the column so you need to know which is is which. Copy and paste the crosstabulation table and the symmetric measures tables. If one of the tables goes outside of the margins, then select the table, right click, go to autofit and select autofit to window. inccat * schlcat Crosstabulation Count schlcat Total Less than High School High School Graduate Some College Bachelor's Degree Graduate Degree inccat less than $25,000 643091 687222 627136 206778 56634 2220861 $25,000 to $49,999 641784 1067264 1362385 645800 169809 3887042 $50,000 to $74,999 159589 453520 872697 708580 307510 2501896

$75,000 to $99,999 43251 157199 414655 505078 304164 1424347 $100,000 to $124,999 16400 70979 231880 378582 276000 973841 $125,000 to $149,999 5416 22593 85362 177025 156574 446970 $150,000 or more 12527 46670 144215 422581 500455 1126448 Total 1522058 2505447 3738330 3044424 1771146 12581405 Symmetric Measures Value Asymptotic Standard Error a Approximate T b Approximate Significance Ordinal by Ordinal Gamma .535 .000 2293.379 .000 N of Valid Cases 12581405 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. 12. What is the value of Gamma? .535 13. Complete this sentence, knowing the education level of a person allows us to predict his or her income 54% more accurately. 14. Would you say that the association between schlcat and incat is weaker or stronger? How come? I would say there is evidence of a strong association because it falls between the values of .30 to .99 on the recommended general guidelines. 15. Unlike Lambda, Gamma not only indicates the strength of an association, it also indicates what? It is also an indication of the direction of association. 16. Is Gamma for our analysis positive or negative? Positive Association. 17. Complete this sentence by choosing either increases or decreases: As schlcat increases inccat (increases/decreases). increases

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

18. Complete this sentence by choosing either increases or decreases: As schlcat decreases inccat (increases/decreases). decreases 19. Required bonus question/you must answer and will receive up to five extra points: Make some concluding statements about the relationship between amount of education and income. These should be complete sentences where you practice reporting the SPSS analyses using precise language. Overall, the higher the amount of education the higher the income amount. There are fewer people with graduate degrees within the less than $25,000 income range compared to the $150,000 or more range indicating that as education increases so does income.