Assignment 2

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California State University, Chico *

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105

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Statistics

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Jan 9, 2024

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Assignment Two: Summarizing a single variable, presenting it graphically, and recoding a variable. Name: Marissa Chavez Use APA style and formatting for all assignments, references, and citations as needed. Be sure to complete all of the parts to this exercise. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/ Part I: Two univariate analyses. Produce and analyze frequency distributions and appropriate measures of central tendency. Use the output to answer the questions below. 1. Open the ACS 2014-2018 dataset. Turn weights on as follows: 2. Click on the “weight cases by” bubble and find the “PWGTP” weighting variable as seen below. Find “Pwgtp” variable , click on the arrow to select, and then click “Okay.”

3. Run a frequency table (see Demonstrations in Chapter Five assigned readings in the text) for the variable sex. Copy and paste the output tables. 4. Now run descriptive statistics as shown in Demonstration 5.6 for the pincp variable instead of for age as is done in the text. Copy and paste the output tables. Descriptive Statistics N Minimu m Maximu m Mean Std. Deviation PINCP 1258140 5 -10800 136400 0 72292.3 7 79452.797 Valid N (listwise) 1258140 5

5. Next do a frequency analysis of pincp. Select “median” in the statistics area. Copy and paste the output tables. Statistics PINCP N Valid 12581405 Missin g 0 Median 50000.00 6. What kind of measure is each variable (i.e., nominal, ordinal, etc)? sex: nominal pincp: interval 7. In an analysis of the two variables, which one is your independent and dependent variable? Independent: SEX Dependent: PINCP 8. How many people are represented in your weighted sample? 12581405 9. What percentage of women and men are there in your sample? Women: 59.3 Men: 40.7 10. Why do the authors suggest using the mode and not the mean to analyze sex? sex is a qualitative variable and we can’t measure mean for them and mode is the only reasonable central tendency that can be measured 11. What is the mean of pincp? 72292.37 12. What is the median of pincp? 50000

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13. Why might I say that the median is a more accurate measure of income (pincp) than the mean is? It isn't influenced by extremely large values. 14. What is the range for pincp? 1374800 15. What is the standard deviation for pincp? 79452.797 16. Using the standard deviation and mean report what the incomes of approximately 66 percent of the people in your sample fall between? You need to watch the videos and read your text to understand this question. Remember minimal calculations. 17. What might be some concluding statements about sex and pincp you could make about your sample? You need to write full sentences using your numbers to support your conclusions. Note: surveys have sometimes not caught up with the idea of gender and multiple genders yet. For this exercise the survey uses conventional sex categories of “male” and “female.” I have you using the terms “Woman” and “Man,” which are genders. For our purposes we assume that respondents’ sex and gender categories are conventional and cisgender. Part II: Making a pie chart 1. Following the text demonstration 6.3. create a pie chart using the sex variable in the 2014-2018 ACS dataset. Make sure to show the percentages. 2. Copy and paste the pie chart Cases weighted by PWGTP SEX 1 2

3. Make some conclusions based on what the pie chart is telling you about the people in your sample. Use your numbers. If you need to look up what one and two mean, use the data dictionary…. Sex #1 is the majority Part III: Practice recoding the agep variable in the 2014-2018 ACS dataset as in Demonstration 7.2. 1. What level of measurement is AGEP? ratio 2. Run a frequency distribution for age and click on statistics. Then check mean, median, and mode. Copy and paste the output table. Statistics AGEP N Valid 12581405 Missin g 0 Mean 42.48 Median 42.00 Mode 30 3. Run descriptives for age. Copy and paste the output table. Descriptive Statistics N Minimu m Maximu m Mean Std. Deviation AGEP 1258140 5 16 94 42.48 12.732 Valid N (listwise) 1258140 5 4. How old is the oldest person in our dataset? 94 years old 5. Using the standard deviation and mean report what the ages of approximately 66 percent of the people in your sample fall between? 12-42

6. In your opinion, what is the best measure of central tendency for age and why do you choose that measure? Median because the median is more resistant to errors than the mean. 7. Why might it be difficult to report frequencies for AGEP? Hint: Look at the full frequency table. There is not enough range in the value of the variable. 8. From the descriptive statistics for age offer some conclusions about the age of respondents in our ACS sample. The age groups are very diverse. However, most respondents are age 25 and up. 9. Following the text demonstration 7.2 recode age into agecat. In later editions of the text this might be a different demonstration number. Find the demonstration in your chapter about recoding a variable. I also post a step-by-step how to recode a variable in the course materials 10. Run a frequency analysis in SPSS for your new agecat variable. Copy and paste the SPSS frequency output for your new agecat variable below. Check the example assignment to view an example of what the table should look like. 11. Agecat Frequenc y Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid under 21 144083 1.1 1.1 1.1 21-39 years old 5419624 43.1 43.1 44.2 40-64 years old 6533454 51.9 51.9 96.2 65 and older 484244 3.8 3.8 100.0 Total 1258140 5 100.0 100.0 12. What kind of measure is age now? ordinal 13. How was recoding the age variable into agecat useful in helping describe the age of respondents in your sample? Be specific. The variable labels make the data easier to understand and read.

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