Handout#1MCSolutions

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese Multiple Choice – solutions #1-#40 1. Different methods of developing useful information from large data bases are dealt with under   a. data manipulation. b. data warehousing. c. big data. d. data mining. ANSWER:   d 2. The process of capturing, storing, and maintaining data is known as a. data manipulation. b. data mining. c. data warehousing. d. big data. ANSWER:   c 3. The subject of data mining deals with a. methods for developing useful decision-making information from large data bases. b. keeping data secure so that unauthorized individuals cannot access the data. c. computational procedure for data analysis. d. computing the average for data. ANSWER:   a 4. In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as male or female. The scale of measurement for gender is   a. ordinal scale. b. nominal scale. c. ratio scale. d. interval scale. ANSWER:   b

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese 5. The scale of measurement that is used to rank order the observation for a variable is called the a. ratio scale. b. ordinal scale. c. nominal scale. d. interval scale. ANSWER:   b 6. Some hotels ask their guests to rate the hotel's services as excellent, very good, good, and poor. This is an example of the a. ordinal scale. b. ratio scale. c. nominal scale. d. interval scale. ANSWER:   a 7. The data measured on ordinal scale exhibits all the properties of data measured on   a. ratio scale. b. interval scale. c. nominal scale. d. nominal and interval scales. ANSWER:   c 8. Temperature is an example of a variable that uses a. the ratio scale. b. the interval scale.

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese 12. The scale of measurement that has an inherent zero value defined is the a. ratio scale. b. nominal scale. c. ordinal scale. d. interval scale. ANSWER:   a 13. The measurement scale suitable for quantitative data is   a. ordinal scale. b. nominal scale. c. either interval or ratio scale. d. only interval scale. ANSWER:   c 14. Data a. are always numeric. b. are always non-numeric. c. are the raw material of statistics. d. are always categorical. ANSWER:   c 15. The entities on which data are collected are a. elements.

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese b. populations. c. samples. d. observations. ANSWER:   a 16. The set of measurements collected for a particular element are called a. variables. b. observations. c. samples. d. populations. ANSWER:   b 17. A characteristic of interest for the elements is called a a. sample. b. data set. c. variable. d. quality. ANSWER:   c 18. All the data collected in a particular study are referred to as the a. inference. b. variable. c. data set. d. population. ANSWER:   c 19. Quantitative data

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese a. indicate either how much or how many. b. cannot be numeric c. are labels used to identify attributes of elements. d. must be nonnumeric. ANSWER:   c 24. Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful a. only with categorical data. b. only with quantitative data. c. either with quantitative or categorical data. d. with neither quantitative or categorical data. ANSWER:   b 25. Social security numbers consist of numeric values. Therefore, social security number is an example of a. a quantitative variable. b. either a quantitative or a categorical variable. c. an exchange variable. d. a categorical variable. ANSWER:   d 26. Temperature is an example of a. a categorical variable. b. a quantitative variable. c. either a quantitative or categorical variable. d. neither a quantitative nor categorical variable. ANSWER:   b 27. For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is an undergraduate and 2 indicates that the

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese student is a graduate student. In this case data are a. categorical. b. quantitative. c. either categorical or quantitative. d. neither categorical nor quantitative. ANSWER:   a 28. Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for a. categorical data. b. quantitative data. c. both categorical and quantitative data. d. large data sets. ANSWER:   a 29. Income is an example of a. categorical data. b. either categorical or quantitative data. c. nominal data. d. quantitative data. ANSWER:   d 30. Data collected at the same, or approximately the same point in time are a. time series data. b. approximate time series data. c. cross-sectional data. d. approximate data. ANSWER:   c

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese c. statistical inference. d. data analytics. ANSWER:   b 35. Statistical inference a. refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics of the population. b. is the same as descriptive statistics. c. is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken from the sample. d. is the same as a census. ANSWER:   c 36. The collection of all elements of interest in a particular study is a. the population. b. the sample. c. statistical inference. d. descriptive statistics. ANSWER:   a 37. A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called a. statistical inference. b. descriptive statistics. c. a census. d. a sample. ANSWER:   d 38. In a sample of 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors. The 30% is an example of a. a sample.

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese b. a population. c. statistical inference. d. descriptive statistics. ANSWER:   d 39. In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20%  are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of a. a sample. b. a population. c. statistical inference. d. descriptive statistics. ANSWER:   c 40. Five hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is an example of a(n) a. census. b. sample. c. observation. d. population. ANSWER:   b Subjective Short Answer #85-#97 (solutions) 85. After graduation ceremonies at a university, six graduates were asked whether they were in favor of (identified by 1) or against (identified by 0) abortion. Some information about these graduates is shown below. Graduate Sex Age Abortion Issue Class Rank Marissa F 24 1 1 Jason M 22 1 2 Wendy F 41 0 3 Edward M 38 0 20 Jennifer F 25 1 4 Tim M 19 0 8 a. How many elements are in the data set? b. How many variables are in the data set?

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese Bangkok 92 78 pc Mexico City 77 57 sh Montreal 72 56 pc Paris 77 58 c Rome 88 68 cl Toronto 78 61 c a. How many elements are in this data set? b. How many variables are in this data set? c. How many observations are in this data set? d. Name the variables and indicate whether they are categorical or quantitative. e. For which variables are arithmetic operations appropriate and for which are they not appropriate? ANSWER:   a. 7 b. 3 c. 7 d. Hi: quantitative, Lo: quantitative, Condition: categorical e. Hi: appropriate, Lo: appropriate, Condition: not appropriate 88. The following data shows the yearly income distribution of a sample of 200 employees at MNM, Inc. Yearly Income (In $1,000s) Number of Employees 20 - 24 2 25 - 29 48 30 - 34 60 35 - 39 80 40 - 44 10 a. What percentage of employees have yearly incomes of $35,000 or more? b.  Does the figure computed in part a exemplify statistical inference? If no, what kind of statistical information does it represent? c. Based on this sample, the president of the company said that "45% of all our employees' yearly incomes are $35,000 or more." What kind of statistical information does the president's statement represent? d. With the statement made in Part c, can we be assured that more than 45% of all employees' yearly incomes are at least $35,000? Explain. e. What percentage of employees of the sample have yearly incomes of $29,000 or less? f. How many variables are presented in the above data set? g. How many observation results are represented in the above data set?   ANSWER:   a. 45% b. No, it is descriptive statistics. c. statistical inference d. No, this is simply an inference and approximation based on the sample information. e. 25% f. 2 g. 200

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese 89. A recent issue of a national magazine reported that in a national public opinion survey conducted among 2,000 individuals, 56% were in favor of gun control, 40% opposed gun control, and 4% had no opinion on the subject. a. What is the sample in this survey? b. Based on the sample, what percentage of the population would you think is in favor of gun control? c. Based on the sample, what percentage of the population would you think have no opinion on the subject? ANSWER:   a. The 2000 individuals who were approached b. 56% c. 4% 90. The following table shows the starting salaries of a sample of recent business graduates. Income (In $1,000s) Number of Graduates 15 - 19 40 20 - 24 60 25 - 29 80 30 - 34 18 35 - 39 2 a. What percentage of graduates in the sample had starting salaries of at least $30,000? b. Of the graduates in the sample, what percentage had starting salaries of less than $25,000? c. Based on this sample, what percentage of all business graduates do you estimate to have starting salaries of at least $20,000? ANSWER:   a. 10% b. 50% c. 80% 91. Michael, Inc., a manufacturer of electric guitars, is a small firm with 50 employees. The table below shows the hourly wage distribution of the employees. Hourly Wages (In Dollars) Number of Employees 10 - 13 8 14 - 17 12 18 - 21 20 22 - 25 10

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese 93. The following information regarding a sample of seven students is provided. Student Identification NumberGrade Point Average Classification Gender Rank in Class Adam 1234 2.89 Senior Male 15 Brandon 8978 2.01 Junior Male 25 Jason 6578 3.97 Freshman Male 3 Marissa 2345 3.98 Sophomore Female 2 Michelle 8901 2.67 Senior Female 18 Wendy 7789 4.00 Senior Female 1 Webster 6780 3.77 Freshman Male 4 a. How many elements are in the above data set? b. How many variables are in this data set? c. How many observations are in this data set? d. Which variables are categorical and which are quantitative variables? e. What measurement scale is used for each variable? ANSWER:   a. 7 b. 5 c. 7 d. Grade point average is quantitative. All others are categorical. e. Identification Number: nominal   Grade Point Average: ratio     Classification: ordinal   Gender: nominal   Rank in Class: ordinal 94. The following information regarding the ten richest Americans was reported in a recent issue of Forbes . Name Ranking Worth ($Billions) Age Marital Status Source Gates, William 1 59.0 51 married Microsoft Buffett, Warren 2 52.0 77 married Berkshire Hathaway Adelson, Sheldon 3 28.0 74 married casinos, hotels Ellison, L. J. 4 26.0 63 married Oracle Brin, Sergey 5 18.5 34 married Google Page, Larry 5 18.5 34 single Google Kerkorian, Kirk 7 18.0 90 divorced investments, casinos Dell, Michael 8 17.2 42 married Dell Koch, Charles 9 17.0 71 married oil, commodities Koch, David 9 17.0 67 married oil, commodities a. How many elements are in the above data set? b. How many variables are in this data set? c. How many observations are in this data set?

Handout 1 Data and Statistics/Calabrese d. Which variables are categorical and which are quantitative? e. What measurement scale is used for each variable? ANSWER:   a. 10 b. 5 c. 10 d. Worth and Age are quantitative   Ranking, Marital Status, and Source are categorical e. Ranking: ordinal   Worth: ratio     Age: ratio   Marital Status: nominal   Source: nominal 95. The following national weather report gives the temperatures and weather conditions on the previous day in cities across the nation.   City Hi Lo Condition   Albany, N.Y. 88 60 cloudy   Chicago 92 64 clear   Dallas-Ft.Worth 89 72 cloudy   Denver 75 54 clear   Hartford 88 61 cloudy   Honolulu 86 70 clear   Kansas City 93 74 clear   Los Angeles 80 62 cloudy   Nashville 94 72 rain   New York City 90 69 rain   Philadelphia 90 67 rain a. How many elements are in this data set? b. How many variables are in this data set? c. How many observations are there in the above data set? d. Which variables are categorical and which are quantitative? e. What measurement scale is used for temperature and weather conditions? ANSWER:   a. 11 b. 3 c. 11 d. Temperature is quantitative   Weather Condition is categorical e. Temperature (Hi and Lo): interval   Weather Condition: nominal