A512 HW 2 RSP24 R1

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Feb 20, 2024

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Statistics for Managers Homework Assignment 2 Module 2: Tables and Charts for Categorical Data Points per problem as shown 1. (4 points) A categorical variable has three categories, with the following frequencies of occurrence: Category Frequency A 13 B3 28 C 9 This table is available in worksheet 1 of the Excel data file for this assignment. a. Create a bar chart that displays the information in this table. Display this chart below. A B C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Part A b. Compute the percentage of values in each category and create a bar chart that displays this same information in terms of percentage as opposed to frequency (as was done in part a). Display this chart below. Percentage 26 56 18

A B C 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Part B c. Compare the charts created in parts a and b. What do you see? What conclusion do you have regarding the use of frequency versus percentage bar charts? Chart A describes the frequency of the numbers. Chart B describes the frequency in percentages that describes the overall total. 2. (3 points) The table below represents a frequency distribution that summarizes the average time IT organizations took to detect security incidents. Average Dwell Time Frequenc y Less than 1 day 166 Between 1 and less than 2 days 100 Between 2 and less than 8 days 124 Between 8 and less than 31 days 77 Between 31 and less than 90 days 59 90 days or more 65 This table is available in worksheet 2 of the Excel data file for this assignment. a. What percentage of organizations took fewer than 2 days, on average, to detect incidents? b. What percentage of organizations took between 2 and 31 days, on average, to detect incidents? c. What percentage of organizations took 31 or more days, on average, to detect incidents?

c. If you were the IT Manager and your goal is to detect all security incidents in less than 2 days, what can you say about your performance (use statistics in your answer)? What actions would you take going forward assuming you were the manager. Currently the performance is at 45%. I would focus more on 31 days which is 20%. Also, I would prioritize to reducing it to less than 2 days. I would do an audit on internal processes to see what is taking place and what changes can be made to the process of detecting security incidents. 3. (5 points) A study of Kickstarter projects showed that the overall majority were successful in achieving their goal. In order to determine project types that could influence success, the projects were subdivided into the categories show below. The respective number of successful and not-successful projects for each category is shown as well.

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This table is available in worksheet 3 of the Excel data file for this assignment. a. Based on this frequency table, which category do you feel is the most successful? Explain your decision. – Technology, as it is calculated success rate for each category as shown above and found out technology has the max success rate. The formula is Successful outcome/total outcome per category x 100. b. Construct contingency tables based on total percentages, row percentages and column percentages. c. If you were interested in which category was the most successful by percentage, which table (created in part b) would you use? I would use row percentage table and the most successful category is Technology. Which category had most successful? Technology Does this answer differ from your answer in part a? No If your answers to parts a and c are different, which result do you think is more accurate? Explain your decision. d. Using the table you selected in part c, create a side-by-side chart that displays the outcome by project category. Display the chart below.

e. Does this display created in part d confirm visually your choice of the most successful category from part c? f. If you had to make a presentation to the board regarding the success rate of the project categories and could only use one power point slide, what would your slide look like? Extra Credit (2 points): Create the slide you described in part f and submit the Power Point file with this assignment. 4. (5 points) How do college students spend their day? The American Time Use Survey for college students found the following results: Activity Percentag e Eating and Drinking 4 Educational Activities 14 Grooming 3 Leisure and Sports 17 Sleeping 37 Traveling 6 Working and Relating Activities 10 Other 9 This table is available in worksheet 4 of the Excel data file for this assignment. a. Construct a bar chart, a pie chart and a Pareto chart with this information. Make sure you follow the guidelines for producing good charts/graphs. Display all your charts below. b. The type of chart that you use depends on the question you want answered. Describe the question that will be answered most effectively by each chart that you produced in part a. Bar Chart - It is used for comparing values across different categories or groups. It shows the distribution of a numerical variable for different categories. From the above bar chart the questions that will be answered most effectively are

-- What does the distribution of time spend by students in each activity -- Comparison of time spent by students in each activity Pie Chart – It is used for showing the parts of a whole, representing the proportion of each category in a dataset. From the above pie chart, the questions that will be answered most effectively are -- Illustrate the percentage distribution of time spend by students in each activity. Pareto Chart - It is used for Identifying and prioritizing the most significant factors in a dataset. It also helps in showing the cumulative contribution of categories to a total. From the above pareto chart the questions that will be answered most effectively are -- Which activities account to most of the time spent when compared to others -- The activity which is most spend accounts to what percentage of total time spend Bar Chart – Eating and Drinki ng Educational A ctiviti es Grooming Lei sur e and Sports Slee ping Trav eli ng Wo rki ng and Relati ng A cti viti es Other 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Bar Chart

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Pie Chart – Pie Chart Eating and Drinking Educational Activities Grooming Leisure and Sports Sleeping Traveling Working and Relating Activities Other Pareto Chart -

5. (3 points) The rules for making good charts were not following in the chart below. There are five errors, identify them. . 1. Include titles, subtitles, and captions to provide context and explain the purpose of the chart. Viewers should understand the significance of the data being presented. 2. Include a descriptive title for the bar chart and provide clear labels for each bar. The labels should directly correspond to the data being represented. 3. Include descriptive tiles for the bar chart and provide clear labels for each bar. The labels should directly correspond to the data being represented. 4. Clearly label the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) axes. Also, include units of measurement and ensure that the label is easily readable.