Probability Analysis of Anticoagulant Use in Orthopedic Patients

A sample of 10 orthopedic patients on a unit are being treated with anti-coagulants. This includes two patients on IV anticoagulants, four patients on oral anti-coagulants and 4 patients on subcutaneous anti- coagulants. Based on this sample, calculate the probability that orthopedic patients are given IV anti- coagulants. Correct! 2/10 or 1/5 or 20% Correct. Probability rates are calculated by taking the known number over the total number. They refer to the chance that a particular outcome will occur (always with some uncertainty). This is the likelihood that two/ten would be on an IV anticoagulant, while the probability of being on either subcutaneous or oral anticoagulants would be 4/10 or 40%. 4/10 or 40% 5% 50% Question 2 1 / 1 pts In a sample of 50 pregnant women, only 5 women end up having their baby more than 1 week after the due date, while 10 are delivered at least 1 week prior to the due date. What is the probability in this sample that a woman will deliver within 1 week of the due date? Correct! .7 or 70% Correct. The probability of the number of women who deliver within one week of their due date is 7/10 or 70% or .7 . The probability of delivering early is 20% or 10/50=.2 while the probability of delivering > 1 week after the due date is 5/10=10%. The total should equal 100% 10% or .1 .2 or 20% 80% or .8 Question 3 1 / 1 pts The measures of variability:

Correct! Indicate the extent to which individual scores deviate from one another Correct. Measures of dispersion indicate how different the scores are. Provide information similar to that of measures of central tendency Indicates all the scores are alike Are useful only for normally distributed populations Question 4 1 / 1 pts Why is the level of measurement of variables important in a statistical analysis? Correct! It affects what you can do with the data Correct. The level of measurement of the variables determines what type of analysis you are able to perform in your study- in other words, what you can do with the data. It determines the direction of the relationship It affects the power of a study It determines the power of a study Question 5 0 / 1 pts Which example is below would be the best way to measure the variable- weight? Correct Answer Weight in pounds You Answered Weight in three groups: under 125 lbs, 126 to 175 lbs and 176 lbs + Incorrect. This is an ordinal measurement. A ratio level measurement provides information about the critical attribute, the intervals between objects and an absolute zero. All math operations are possible with ratio level variables. This is known as a continuous variable.

Nnormal weight or overweight BMI score below 17, between 19 and 24 , above 25 Question 6 1 / 1 pts The level of measurement of these data are: Single Unmarried but in committed relationship Divorced Separated Widowed Correct! Nominal Data Interval data Ratio data Ordinal data Question 7 1 / 1 pts The total score on a multiple choice examination is an example of which level of measurement? Correct!

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Ratio Correct. Total score on a multiple choice final exam is an example of ratio level of measurement. The student could have gotten anywhere from 0 correct to all correct and it is appropriate to discuss the score in ratio terms. For example, the person who got 50 questions correct answered twice as many questions correct as the person who got 25 correct. Researchers differ in whether individual item responses represent interval or ordinal level measurement. Most researchers will take the pragmatic approach and treat individual scores as interal data. Ordinal Nominal Interval Question 8 1 / 1 pts The best definition of outliers is that they are: Correct! Unusual scores that should be examined carefully Correct. Unusual values in the data should be checked for accuracy in measurement, data collection, and data entry in order to omit the possibility of errors. However, if the value is a true outlier, the researcher needs to be aware of its presence. The important cause of outliers is error in identifying the variables important in explaining the nature of the phenomenon under study. Development of new knowledge may be based on this unexpected finding. Scores that do not belong with the rest of the data and should be deleted Values that are not representative of the population under study Values that interfere with effective data analysis Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true about the mean? Correct! It is the mathematical average of a set of scores Correct. It is the mathematical average of a set of scores. All scores in the set are included in the

calculation, and the mean is affected by scores that are significantly different than the majority (outliers). The mean will be distorted or changed in the direction of the outliers. It is a measure reflecting the way a set of scores is spread out It is unaffected by outlier or extreme scores It represents the most frequently occurring score in set of scores Question 10 1 / 1 pts A grouped frequency distribution: Correct! Results in loss of information Correct. Any method of grouping results in loss of information. The reader should know that sometimes data are grouped for presentation in tables as a space saving device. You may find that the interval or ratio form in which the data were originally collected was preserved for data analysis purposes. In this case, a mean and standard deviation may be reported in the narrative section of the text even though the variable seems to be categorical as shown on the tables. Is seldom used with continous data Provides more information as the number of groups decreases Should avoid group definitions used in previous studies Question 11 1 / 1 pts The following is an example of a : 7 9 8 4 3 5 7 8 6

4 2 3 2 2 5 6 5 9 7 2 2 1 0 0 1 3 3 6 5 ________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Correct! Stem-and-leaf display Correct. The stem and leaf display is a visual presentation of numbers that may provide important insights. Box and whisker plot Q-plot Fence Question 12 1 / 1 pts If the sample is normally distributed, 68% of the responses are within what range? Correct! 1 standard deviation Correct. You would expect 68% of the responses within 1 standard deviation if there is a normal distribution. 95% 99% 52%

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Question 13 1 / 1 pts What term is best used to describe a variable that represents the age of patients admitted to an emergency room on an annual basis? Correct! Continuous Correct. Continuous variables have every possible value on a continuum. Qualitative Discrete Independent Question 14 1 / 1 pts What does it mean when calculating a confidence interval that the confidence interval includes the number 1? Correct! It means that there is not a significant p value. Correct. Whenever the confidence interval includes the value of 1, you have an insignificant p value because you are not certain enough to know whether there is a relationship or not. Remember a relative risk of one means no relationship, which is your null hypothesis. If the CI limits include the possibility of the null hypothesis, you can not reject the null hypothesis, which means the p value is greater than your identified alpha and you do not have statistically significant results. It means there is a statistically significant result It means that the statistics were not calculated correctly It means that the sample size is too small Question 15 1 / 1 pts What is the best way to determine how well the sample statistic represents the unknown population parameter?

Correct! Calculate a Confidence interval Correct, a confidence interval creates boundaries or a range of estimates that we think the population mean will fall between, instead of computing a single estimate such as the central tendency or variability. Determine central tendency Determine variability Calculate probability

DNP 816 Quiz 2

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