DNP 816 Quiz 4

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Northern Kentucky University *

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816

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by AdmiralMaskJellyfish15

When the results of an experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the experiment is said to have Construct validity External validity Statistical conclusion validity Correct! Internal validity Correct. Internal validity concerns the validity of the inferences that an empirical relationship exists, it is the independent variable (IV), rather than something else, that caused the outcome.) Question 2 1 / 1 pts What does inferential statistics permit researchers to do? Correct! Draw conclusions about a population based on data from a sample Correct. Inferential stats permit inferences about whether results obtained in a sample are likely to be reliable, that is, found in the population. Intepret descriptive statistics Describe information from an emprirical observation. Reject the null hypothesis Question 3 1 / 1 pts In nursing research, it is most important that the researcher can do which of the following in relation to statistical analysis of data? The researcher should: Be able to perform the statistical analyses without assistance from a statistician Know all the statistical formulas needed to analyze his/her data Correct! Understand the meaning underlying the choice and interpretation of statistics

Correct. It is important that the researcher understands the underlying meaning and interpretation of statistical analysis procedures. Not include a statistician until after the data are colleted. Question 4 1 / 1 pts A researcher tests the hypothesis that the mean body temperature of residents in a nursing home is 98.6 degrees. Which statistical test could the researcher use? Independent group t test Correct! One sample t test Correct. There is only one sample in this study. A one sample t test can compare mean values of a single group to a hypothesized sample. Chi-squared test Mann-Whitney U test Question 5 0 / 1 pts Which statistical test would you choose for the following hypothesis? "There will be a strong relationship between the number of car accidents an individual has been involved in and their score on a measure of anxiety". Linear regression Correct Answer Pearson product moment correlation Dependent t- test You Answered Independent t-test Incorrect. The independent t test compares the mean of two different independent groups (Kim & Mallory, p. 253). This hypothesis would use Pearson product moment correlation as it refers to an association or relationship between variables with variation in one variable systematically related to variation in another (Polit & Beck, p. 724)

Question 6 0 / 1 pts A researcher tests the hypothesis that men and women differ in the amount of time (number of hours) they spend exercising weekly. Which statistical test might the researcher use, assuming a reasonable normal distribution of values? Correct Answer Independent groups t test Mann-Whitney U test You Answered A paired t test Incorrect. A paired t test is not appropriate as there are 2 independent groups involved in this research. A chi-squared test Question 7 1 / 1 pts The level of measurement for the dependent variable (DV) in an ANOVA should be: Correct! Interval or higher Correct. Typically in an ANOVA, the group membership serves as the independent variable (treated with exercise, massage and stress management for 3 different groups). It can be categorical data, however, the dependent variable needs to be at interval or ratio level. Nominal Ordinal Categorical Question 8 1 / 1 pts Select the appropriate statistical test if the hypothesis to be tested is as follows:

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Reported pain intensity levels of postoperative cardiovascular surgery patients are higher when they are walking in the cardiac rehabilitation unit than when walking in their own homes. t-test for independent samples Cochran Q test Correct! t-test for dependent samples Correct. Data for both groups (exercising at home vs rehab unit) are coming from the same subjects. ANCOVA with place of exercise as the covariate Question 9 0 / 1 pts Which tool is useful for understanding the precision of results? You Answered Significance levels Correct Answer Confidence intervals Effect size indexes Type I error rates Question 10 1 / 1 pts A researcher tested the hypothesis that a person's perceived risk for colorectal cancer was related to his or her cancer screening behavior. With alpha = .05, the hypothesis was not supported. What might be a cause of this result? Too many degrees of freedom A nonparametric test was inappropriately used

Correct! The test was underpowered Correct. This is a common problem with nursing research. There frequently is too small a sample in order to detect a difference. In addition, a low effect size also can contribute to this problem. The alpha level was too conservative Question 11 1 / 1 pts Consider the following hypothesis: The amount of daylight is unrelated to levels of depression in older adults. What type of hypothesis is this? Nonsignificant hypothesis Correct! Null Correct. The null hypothesis shows that there is no relationship between the variables. Alternative hypothesis Research hypothesis Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ANOVA? It often required hoc tests to identify location of the differences Correct! It can only be used with two groups Correct. ANOVA is the test statistic used when testing differences between means when there are 3 or more groups. The F statistic is used to report results. It tests for differences between means

Question 13 1 / 1 pts If you decided to make the critical p-value or alpha for significance as 0.001 as opposed to the conventional 0.05, what would the consequences be? You would be more likely to make a Type II error Correct! All of the answers All answers are correct. There would be fewer instances when the null hypothesis would be rejected You would be less likely to make a Type I error Question 14 1 / 1 pts The t-test is used to: Examine relationships between two variables. Correct! Test for significant differences between the means of two samples Correct. The t-test analysis is used to test for significant differences between the statistical measures (means) of two samples. Examine the differences among three or more groups Test the power of a statistical procedure. Question 15 0 / 1 pts When a researcher reports that a result is statistically significant, what does this mean? Correct Answer The obtained result likely was not the result of chance The result did not fall within the critical region on the sampling distribution

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You Answered The result is important and clinically meaningful Incorrect. Significance does not imply that the results are important nor clinical significant. Significance means that the results from an analysis of sample data are unlikely to have been the result of chance at a specified level of probability. The result does not contain a Type I or II error

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