CJ 211 Stats Exam 1_8 Feb 2023

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Monmouth University *

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211

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Exam 1 CJ 211 Statistics This exam contains five parts (and has a total of 5 pages) that will be used to gauge your progress in the course. This exam is worth 100 points and is 20% of your final grade . During this exam you may use your note, eCampus, the book, and other resources, however, this is not a group project. You must work on the exam on your own and will not have access to your professor for the exam. The room our class is held in, is available to you if you wish to use the Monmouth University computer and SPSS during our regularly scheduled class time. This exam is due by Friday February 10, 2023 by 11:59pm and is to be submitted as a word document into eCampus under Assessments- Assignment, Exam 1. Exams will not be accepted via email. Exams not submitted by Friday February 10, 2023 by 11:59pm via eCampus under Assessments- Assignment, Exam 1 will result in a 0 for the exam. Part I – Fill-in 15 total points, 1 point per question. 1. A Variable measures characteristics of human behavior. 2. Variables with a fixed number of values are called Discrete variables . 3. Variables with an infinite range of values are called Continuous variables. 4. The Independent variable is the variable that influences an outcome (the cause). 5. The Dependent variable is the variable that is influenced by independent variable(s) (the effect). 6. Nominal Scale Data uses numbers to represent “names.” 7. Ordinal Scale Data uses numbers to convey rank. 8. Interval Scale Data has a distance between numbers that is meaningful and consistent.

9. Ratio Scale Data has an absolute zero point. 10. In SPSS, Interval and Ratio level scale data are labelled as Quantitative Variables . 11. Descriptive Statistics summarize raw data, describe how people responded, and represent building blocks for subsequent analyses. 12. Inferential Statistics test hypothesis, compare variables, determine cause and effect, and aid decision-making. 13. Pie Chart is a visual representation that is good for nominal and ordinal data, quickly determine 100% is shown, intuitively display data, and is easy to interpret. 14. Bar Chart is a visual representation that includes histograms and frequency polygons, most commonly used type of graph in the social sciences, is easy to interpret, and follows a conventional format. 15. Histograms/Frequency Polygons are visual representation that require ordinal and interval level data, are extensions of the bar chart, and illustrate a shape (kurtosis (peak) and skew (symmetry)). Part II – Codebook 5 points total, 1 point per question. 1. How many different attributes does the “reofftyp” variable have? There are 8 different attributes. 2. What does a value of “4” for the variable “adjtype” indicate? Guilty-Plea 3. What are the attributes of the variable “adjtype?” 1 Dismissal 2 Acquittal 3 Divert-Defer 4 Guilty-Plea 5 Guilty-Trial 6 Other 8 M Case Pending 9 M Missing 4. What does a value of “1” for the variable “reofftyp” indicate? The value of 1 Violent

5. How many different attributes does the “adjtype” variable have? There are 8 different attributes. Part III – SPSS/Levels of Measurement 10 points total, 2 points per question. 1. Identify the two levels of measurement that you cannot do meaningful math (hint: NOIR) (4-point question). Two levels of measurement that you cannot do meaningful math are Nominal & Ordinal. 2. List one nominal level variable from the data set. STATE is a nominal level variable from the data set. 3. List one ordinal level variable from the data set. TOTAL NUMBER OF ARREST CHARGES CATEGORY is an ordinal level variable 4. List one interval/ratio level variable from the data set AGE AT ARREST is an interval/ratio level variable. Part IV – Organizing the data (frequencies and crosstabs) Complete the crosstab by inputting the correct information 30 points total, 10 points each (2 points for identifying the variable, 2 points for identify the variable attributes, 2 points for identifying the frequencies/total numbers, 2 points for accuracy in filling out the chart, 2 points for accuracy in labeling the items in the chart) 1. In a survey of 30 college students, responses for the college year item (1 = Freshman, 2= Sophomore, 3= Junior, 4= Senior 5= Graduate level) were: 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1 Class Year Frequency Freshman- 1 9 Sophomore-2 10 Junior-3 2 Senior-4 6 Graduate-5 3 Total # 30

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Variable: Class Year Attributes: Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior, Graduate Frequency: Right Column 2. In a survey of 30 college students, responses on the course selection satisfaction item (1 = very unsatisfied, 2= unsatisfied, 3= neutral, 4= satisfied 5= very satisfied) were: 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1 Satisfaction Level Frequency 1 = very unsatisfied 9 2= unsatisfied 10 3= neutral 2 4= satisfied 6 5= very satisfied 3 Total # 30 Variable: Satisfaction Level Attributes: very unsatisfied, unsatisfied, neutral, satisfied, very satisfied Frequency: Right Column 3. In a survey of 30 college students, responses on the age item were: 21, 20, 22, 21, 18, 19, 22, 22, 22, 21, 18, 19, 22, 19, 20, 18, 22, 19, 20, 18, 19, 18, 20, 21, 18, 19, 20, 22, 22, 21 Age Frequency 18 6 19 6 20 5 21 5 22 8 Total # 30 Variable: Age Attributes: 18,19,20,21,22

Frequency: Right Column Part V – SPSS/Data Set – Measures of central tendency 40 total points. Select one RATIO level variable from the Pennsylvania Offenders dataset available on eCampus. Type your answer below and include the required outputs (copy and paste the SPSS output into this word document). (hint: Data view: Analyze – Descriptive Statistics). 1. Create a frequency distribution for your selected variable (paste the SPSS Output below; 10 points). 2. What is the name of the variable (2 points). Age at Arrest 3. Identify the mean, median, and mode (6 points)? Mean: 29.80 Median: 28.00 Mode: 19 4. Does the variable have any missing data (2 points)? Yes, this variable does have 2 missing data points. 5. What do the frequency distributions say about your data (10 points)?

It also allows you to organize and present frequency counts so that the information can be interpreted more easily. 6. Is there anything in the distributions that surprises you (10 points)? The distribution has a right skew (positive skew), but it also has a gap where the 2 missing are coming from. Paste your SPSS output from question 1 below, if output is not included you will be marked off 10 points: Extra Credit questions (2 points each) OPTIONAL: 1. What question does operationalization answer? Operationalization means turning abstract concepts into measurable observations. 2. What does the acronym SPSS mean (write it out)? Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

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