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Walden University *

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8210

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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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In this final week's assignment, I have examined bivariate categorical tests, mainly focusing on the chi-square test, across three distinct scenarios using the Afrobarmeter dataset. The dataset's mean is 37.17, with a standard deviation of 14.551. Scenario 1: Trust in Police and Democracy Relationship The literature review has emphasized the significance of trust in the police for a functional democracy. The case summary presents valid cases of N=13277 (91.8%) with 1186 (8.2%) missing. Among those within a democracy, 91.8% trust the police, compared to 81.1% outside a democracy. The chi-square test demonstrates a highly significant p-value of < .001, indicating independence between democracy and trust in the police. Phi and Cramer's V yield a value of .145, showing a weak relationship. Notably, a stark difference emerges, with 18.9% trusting the police "Not at all" in non-democratic settings, while 93.6% "A lot" in democratic ones. This reinforces the role of governmental structures in shaping trust. Scenario 2: Trust in Police and Urban/Rural Settings Following the previous analysis, I explored the correlation between police trust and residential settings (urban, rural, and semi-rural). The case summary accounts for N=14136 (97.7%), with 372 (2.3%) missing. The chi-square test shows a highly significant p-value of < .001, rejecting the null hypothesis and asserting the independence of police trust and residential settings. Phi and Cramer's V, around .140 and .099, respectively, point to a weak relationship. The results unveil varying levels of trust across locations, underscoring the need to better understand police duties and limitations to facilitate positive societal changes. Scenario 3: Economic Beliefs and Democracy Extent Relationship

Examining the link between economic beliefs and the extent of democracy, the case summary covers N=13309 participants with 1154 missing. Chi-square analysis yields a highly significant p-value of < .001, indicating the independence of economic conditions and democracy extent. Phi and Cramer's V values of .256 and .136 suggest a weakened relationship. While the relationship between economic conditions and democracy extent is not strong, a trend emerges wherein those in a full democracy report more favorable financial conditions. Conclusion: Interpreting Weak Relationships In conclusion, the three scenarios revealed weak relationships between the variables under investigation. While the outcomes bear similarities, the limited strength of relationships suggests careful interpretation. The absence of exact question details introduces room for assumptions, but these scenarios have real-world applicability beyond statistical analysis. They raise meaningful inquiries that could benefit society holistically.

References Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Leon-Guerrero, A., & Davis, G. (2021). Social statistics for a diverse society (9th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. Laureate Education (Producer). (2016a). Bivariate categorical tests [Video file]. Baltimore, MD:

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