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1 Issue Statement Shalanda Pinder Master of Science in Social Work, Walden University SOCW-6361A-13 Professor Samuel November 3, 2023

2 Issue of Statement: Suicide among Adolescents and Young Adults The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.) reported that suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the age of 10-24 years old. Suicide has now become a social problem in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.) defines suicide as the following: Suicide is the death caused by self -directed injuries with the intent to die as a result of the behavior. Suicide and suicide attempts cause emotional, physical, and economic impacts. From 2000 and 2018, the national suicide rate among adolescents and young adults rose from 6.8 per 100,000 to 10.7 per 100,000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). One of the most alarming trends happens to be seen within this social problem have been the rise of suicide among African American adolescents. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.), the suicide rate for this population increased from 8.2 per 100,000 in 2018 to 11.2 per 100,000 in 2021 making it a 36.6% higher. The Maryland Health Department (n.d.) states that over the last five years 3,000 Marylanders died by suicide. In the state of Maryland, suicide is the 11 th leading cause of death for people between the ages of 10-34 according to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) (2022). The Maryland’s State Suicide Prevention Plan 2020. (n.d.) ranked Maryland with a lower percentage in suicide rates at one point, but over the years there’s been an incline in suicide since 2015. The three most common ways for people to commit suicide, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, are using a gun, asphyxia, and poisoning (Curtin S.C., 2020). There is a need to focus policy efforts on enhancing mental well-

3 being and resiliency in the nation as suicide among African American Adolescent with mental illness plague. Policy Review The Public Service Act was enacted in 1944, the Act provided a legislative basis for provisions of public health services in the U.S. (Congres.gov., n.d.). In 2020, the Senate House of Representatives reenacted the Public Service Act with the Mental Health Services for Students Act 2020, the new revised Act extended projects relating to children along with providing access to school based comprehensive mental health programs (para. 1). The House Bill was passed with a 220-205 vote (Congress.gov., n.d.). Republican, Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (Pa.), joined the Democratic party in supporting the new Act. Additionally, MHSS would increase the number of mental health providers in school systems (para. 2). The further development of mental health services in schools can lead to direct collaborations between an organization in the community and a school or district. Additionally, it can offer thorough behavioral health models that incorporate training and social-emotional curriculum. However, many schools do not have the specialized staff needed to respond to the increased prevalence and complexity of adolescent mental health needs. In Maryland, an amendment to COMAR 13A.07.11 Student Suicide Prevention and Safety Training, now requires additional in-service training for all certified school personnel who have direct contact with students on a regular basis (Choudhury, M., n.d.). In addition, certified school personnel will be able to respond, identify, and provide resources to help adolescents (para. 2). The amendment will also recognize behaviors, recognize adolescents who experience trauma or violence, and refer adolescents to behavioral health services under the new legislation (para.3). The two Bills shed light on implementation for suicide however, it’s critical for social

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4 workers engage in advocacy to raise awareness to suicide and suicidal ideations among African American adolescents in the U.S. and Maryland. Social Advocacy Proposal Research proves that suicide in adolescents is a global public health threat. With suicide being a leading cause of death in the United States, it is worthy of investigation so that resources can be allocated to susceptible populations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Adolescent suicide continues to be a significant public health concern. In a recent study, it was shown that adolescent suicide rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and female adolescents grew increasingly susceptible to suicide. According to a new study, female teenagers' susceptibility to suicide increased, and adolescent suicide rates soared during the COVID-19 pandemic (Nationwide Children’s., n.d). Even though the Mental Health Services for Students Act 2020 and Maryland’s COMAR 13A.07.11 Student Suicide Prevention and Safety Training, were revised to prevent and provide change, the bills do not include accessibility for services to all. Since COVID-19, there have been an incline of adolescents who experience some type of mental health illness that led to the act of attempting to commit suicide or for one to have suicidal ideations. Data suggest that depression, anxiety, and social isolation increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have contributed to suicide risk in youth (Nationwide Children’s., n.d.). With an improved implementation of both bills, the federal government can work along in partnership with the states to address the mental health concerns in adolescents. Additionally, on reducing the stigma associated with mental illness in adolescents there must be a focus of suicide prevention programs. Which would include initiatives and programs that raise

5 awareness by hosting education, improving accessibility, and reducing wait times. Those approaches can help to reduce suicide in this population (Farley H.R., 2020). Policies and initiatives should also improve how adolescents’ risk for suicide can be identified and treated within schools or the community. From state to state, there’s a wide variation of treatment methods. These challenges that adolescents are faced with are widespread and all policy makers at all levels need to come to advocate for change. Some implications to approach this social concern will include an increasement of federal funding to ensure that all families and adolescent are screened, early diagnosis and corrective form of treatment, to address the regulatory challenges and improve access to technology for telemedicine for all, increase implementation for funding in school based mental health care, and to address the ongoing challenges of acute care for services, including shortage of beds in the emergency rooms by expanding access to other programs from inpatient units and reducing long wait times for services. Finally, improving access to high-quality care within the spectrum of mental health services will start with health promotion, prevention, and treatment; social workers, policy advocates, and legislators must devise creative and practical solutions to the problems at hand by leveraging state, local, and federal initiatives.

6 References American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Suicide statistics. (2022). American Foundation for Suicide Prevention; Available from: https://afsp.org/ suicide-statistics [Last retrieved on 2023 Nov 2]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Suicide Prevention Resource for Action: A Compilation of the Best Available Evidence. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary and Trends Report: 2011-2021. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/YRBS_Data-Summary- Trends_Report2023_508.pdf Choudhury, M. (n.d.). Chapter 13A.07.11 - Student Suicide Prevention and Safety Training. Legal Information Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/maryland/title- 13A/subtitle-07/chapter-13A.07.11 Congress.gov. (n.d.). H.R.1109 - Mental Health Services for Students Act of 2020 116th Congress (2019-2020). https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house- bill/1109?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22high%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=54 Curtin S.C. (2020). QuickStats: Age-adjusted suicide rates,* by sex and three most common Methods(†) – United States, 2000-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:249. Farley, H.R. (2020). Assessing mental health in vulnerable adolescents. Nursing 50:48-53. Maryland Department of Health. (n.d.). Office of Chief Medical Examiner. (2022). https://health.maryland.gov/ocme /Pages/Home.aspx .

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7 Maryland’s State Suicide Prevention Plan 2020. (n.d.) (2020). Governor’s Commission on Suicide Prevention. https://health.maryland.gov/bha/suicideprevention/Pages/home.aspx Nationwide Children’s. (n.d.). Youth Suicide Rates Increased During COVID-19 Pandemic, Especially Among Particular Subgroups. https://www.nationwidechildrens.org /newsroom/news - releases/2023/02/bridge_ ruch_youthsuicide_pandemic

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