SOC 3740 Test 1 Upload

docx

School

University of Guelph *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

3740

Subject

Sociology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by BigDaddyLaz

Test 1 Lazar Jovic October 16, 2023 SOC 3740

Question 2 Risk Management Risk management is a concept that reflects a larger societal trend in which public authorities are employing risk information to manage a wide range of social issues (Hannah- Moffat, 2013). Risk management uses a variety of actuarial methods to calculate the risk of the offenders. It is used for determining risk factors such as prior criminal history or certain offence types and conducts predictions for the likelihood of reoffending on the terms of their release (Lecture 3.2, Slide 5). In corrections, risk management uses risk assessment appropriate sentencing. As emphasized by Warren (2008), risk assessment helps to identify what kind a program an offender is most suitable for and helps pinpoint the specific characteristics and needs that these programs should address (Lecture 3.2, Slide 8). Also, it assesses how the resources should be used in the program based on the offenders needs, which allows for more effective programs (Lecture 3.2, Slide 8). Finally, risk assessment helps to figure out who is considered a low-risk and high-risk offender and that helps determine what kind of supervision or security level is needed for that offender (Lecture 3.2, Slide 8). There have been two concerns. Frist, it punishes for crimes that have not yet been committed since it is not assessed on the penalties, rather how closely the person represents a stereotype of a subgroup of offenders (Lecture 3.2, Slide 14). Second, limited practitioner training is another critic. Inadequate training could result in risk assessment scores to be inaccurate and biased which could produce unjustified punishment for the offender (Lecture 3.2, Slide 14). The future of corrections will likely be influenced by efforts to address these criticisms and refine the risk management process and improve training for the tools to determine risk.

Question 3 Gresham’s Pain of Imprisonment Model The Pain of Impression Model and Importation Model are two distinct frameworks used to understand inmate experiences in the correctional system and interpret the causes of suicide among inmates. Gresham's Pain of Imprisonment Model states that inmates suffering primarily results from the harsh and restrictive conditions within the prison environment and this model is used essential as a coping mechanism inside the prison. Gresham's Pain of Imprisonment Model posits that inmates' suffering primarily results from the harsh and restrictive conditions within the prison environment (Lecture 4.1, Slide 16). The model derived from the deprivation model outlines 5 key deprivation. First is loss of liberty which means they are morally judged, put in prison because they’re no longer trusted or worthy of living in the real world, referred as numbers and restricted to many actions such as permission to eat, shower, or interact with others (Lecture 4.1, Slide 17). Second, deprivation of autonomy, which is the idea they can’t make their own choices, and this reduces the inmates to a state of helplessness (Lecture 4.1, Slide 17). Third, Deprivation of Goods and Services such as being restricted to what they can buy or acquire (Lecture 4.1, Slide 17). Fourth, is the deprivation of heterosexual relationships as inmates tend to have a loss of heterosexual relationships and reside in homosexual relationships (Lecture 4.1, Slide 17). Finally, deprivation of security, prisons are dangerous and those who cannot protect themselves will become victimized (Lecture 4.1, Slide 17). Irwin and Cressey's Importation Model views the prison as a reflection of the broader society, where individuals bring their pre-prison experiences and mechanisms of adaptation with them. According to this model, inmate’s behaviours, and modes of adjustment to prison life are largely learned and ingrained prior to their incarceration. Irwin and Cressey identify distinct role types within the prison, such as the Thief and Convict subcultures, which influence inmates' behavior and

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

interactions. While emphasizing the importance of an individual's background, this model does not deny the challenges and psychological stressors associated with imprisonment, acknowledging that the pains of imprisonment model are indeed a significant part of the inmate experience. Irwin and Cressey's Importation Model views the prison as a reflection of the broader society, where individuals bring their mechanisms of adaptation with them. The inmate’s behaviours and modes of adjustment to prison life are learned prior to their incarceration (Lecture 4.1, Slide 18). Irwin and Cressey identify distinct role types within the prison, such as the Thief and Convict subcultures, which influence inmate’s behaviour and interactions (Lecture 4.1, Slide 18). This model does not deny the pains of imprisonment model rather, they find to be significant to an inmates imprisonment (Lecture 4.1, Slide 18). Overall, these models provide different viewpoints on the reasons of inmate suicide. Gresham's approach generally is concerned to the harsh prison conditions, and Irwin and Cressey's model emphasizes the significance of an inmate's prior history. Gresham’s model suggests that improve the prison conditions could be a key to preventing suicide in prison. On the other hand, Irwin and Cressey’s model suggest that we should look at the prior history of the offender and determine the needs for the offender, so they do not commit suicide.

Essay Question 2 Case Introduction The case is very unique and shows many relations what we have learned so far about Corrections and Penology. While this case is not directly related to corrections and penology, it relates heavily to the topic regarding Punishment. The Indonesia articles highlights many concepts of punishment that have been learned such as the justification of punishment as well, punishment in public. Justification of punishment We have learned two types of justification: Retributive and Utilitarian. Retributive justification focuses on the fundamental idea that criminal offenders should receive penalties that are similar with the nature and severity of their crimes (Lecture 1, Slide 8). This perspective operates on the principle of "just deserts," which is the belief that individuals deserve the punishment they receive in accordance with the legal system (Lecture 1, Slide 8). This justification considers the motives and attitudes of the offender. If the crime was intentional, punishment should be harsher; if the act was unintentional, punishment should be less harsh (Lecture 1, Slide 9). On the other hand, utilitarian justification focuses on the principles influenced by classical theories of crime and the works of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. It comes from the belief that punishment is necessary to preserve the greater good of the community (Lecture 1, Slide 13). Punishment is justified in three concepts which are when the benefits it brings outweigh the gains of punishment which are the benefits versus costs outcome, deterrence, and rehabilitation (Lecture 1, Slide 13). The concept of incapacitation, in which individuals are physically prevented from committing future crimes for a set amount of time

(Lecture 1, Slide 15). The deterrence theory states that the threat of punishment can effectively deter crime if it is swift, certain, and severe (Lecture 1, Slide 16). Also, Recidivism becomes a significant indicator of effective punishment in this perspective (Lecture 1, Slide 16). The final concept is rehabilitation, which involves changing an individual's nature through punishment and offering opportunities for therapy and progress (Lecture 1, Slide 18). In relation to the case, the individuals in Indonesia being forced to dig graves and get into coffins as a punishment for not wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic relates to both utilitarian and retributive justifications for punishment. Utilitarianism comes into play as these punishments aim to deter people from neglecting to cover their faces, focusing on the overall benefit of public health and safety. On the other hand, retributive elements are present in the sense that the punishment is intended to be proportionate to the particular offence. Offenders are forced to do certain tasks related to the consequences of their actions, emphasizing the concept of "just deserts." While the primary objective appears to be deterrence, the choice of punishment reflects a balance between the utilitarian goal of preventing COVID-19 spread and the retributive actions that offenders should face consequences that are in accordance with their violation. Punishment in Public Public shaming was a punishment where the crowd played a significant role. As it was considered a crucial element in penal systems (Lecture 1.3, Slide 5). It served multiple intended purposes. It aimed to provide a sense of justice for victims, allowing them to see the offender publicly humiliated and held accountable for their actions (Lecture 1.3 Slide 5). Also, public shaming was used to achieve deterrence, both in a general sense by making the consequences of wrongdoing visible and in a specific sense by discouraging the offender from repeating their actions (Lecture 1.3 Slide 5). Town officials and the public played an important part in this, as

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

they helped make sure everyone followed the rules and got approval from the whole community (Lecture 1.3 Slide 5). Denunciation is a theory of punishment, which uses both elements of retribution and utilitarianism. This theory punishes wrong actions, shows society won't accept them, and teaches people what's right (Lecture 1.3 Slide 9). Denunciation punishments are usually harsh and must be made public in order to emphasize the gravity of the offence (Lecture 1.3 Slide 9). In the case of the people in Indonesia, it shows great punishment using public shaming methods and elements of denunciation. The COVID-19 punishment involves public shaming, as the violators were to be held accountable for their actions and serving justice for the victims, in this case, those who had died from the pandemic, the violators were to dig their graves. The punishment also aimed to deter others from neglecting face masks, emphasizing the consequences of their actions. Town officials and the public are involved in public shaming, ensuring that everyone follows the rules and gets approval from the whole community, aligning with the historical aspects of public shaming. In addition, elements of denunciation were seen, as violators were given harsh consequences such as digging graves, getting in coffins, and lying in ambulance for coronavirus victims which was super-hot and scary some said. Conclusion With all being said, the case of people in Indonesia being forced to dig graves and participate in public punishments for not wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates a close relationship with the principles of punishment we've explored in Corrections and Penology. While this case is not quite related to corrections and penology it reveals how the justification of retributive and utilitarian punishment, public shaming, and denunciation can dictate the actions of people as the punishment and rules caused for a significant drop of violators.

SOC 3740 Test 1 Upload

Related Documents