Final Virtual-Museum-Essay

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Feb 20, 2024

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Elana Mashiyev Exploring History from Home: A Look at Virtual Museums 1

Part I The representation and experiences of Latinx individuals in the United States are explored in the two videos presented in Exhibit Four. Through the examination of themes such as migration, identity, power struggles, and activism, these videos provide a rich opportunity for analysis using the theoretical frameworks and concepts covered in class. The understanding of Latinx individuals’ oppression is possible by applying essential ideas such as intersectionality and racialization, whereas their resistance to systems of marginalization and subjugation can be examined through the lenses of critical race theory and cultural hegemony. These analytical frameworks enable a deeper understanding of the struggles and history of Latinx individuals in the United States. The first video, “Latino Americans: Episode 1 - Foreigners in Their Own Land” explores the history of Latinx people in the United States (PBS. 2013). The video touches on themes of migration, identity, and power struggles, which can be analyzed using the academic readings we have covered in class. A critical subject we have discussed in class is intersectionality, the brainchild of Kimberle Crenshaw. This idea provides insight into the trials and tribulations that Latinx individuals experience in America due to their race, ethnicity and immigrational 2

orientation (PBS, 2013). Another crucial notion worth pondering upon is racialization - a course by which people are categorized based on their race or ethnic background leading to differentiated treatment patterns. Such an ideology can be implemented towards acknowledging how Latinx people face monolithic perceptions from society rather than recognition for individual diversity within this group’s community. The second exhibit, designated as “Latino Americans: Episode 5 - Prejudice and Pride,” investigates the Civil Rights Movement alongside the Chicano Movement in America. A focal point of this clip involves Latinx individuals' mobilization and opposition towards mistreatment and subjugation. One of the key theories we have covered in class is critical race theory, which recognizes the ways in which racism is embedded in society and institutions. The Civil Rights and Chicano Movements are scrutinized through the lens of this theory to assess how Latinx activism and resistance were able to contest deeply entrenched systems of inner-city poverty, police brutality, discrimination in education. Another crucial notion is cultural hegemony, where one culture dominates all others. We see evidence for it when examining instances in which American society disregarded or marginalized Latinx people's cultures systematically; these movements responded by challenging that marginalization head-on. To conclude, the ways in which Latinx individuals are represented and their experiences recounted within the confines of United States borders can be scrutinized through concepts we have been exposed to in class: intersectionality, racialization, critical race theory and cultural hegemony. Through utilization of these methods for 3

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analysis one may gather greater comprehension with respect to both historical context as well as current struggles or activism exhibited by this community residing within America. Part II Exhibit Five presents an all-encompassing evaluation of the dispute revolving around blackface and its effect both past and present on Black individuals in America. Within this exhibit, you will find two videos delving into the historical background as well as current affairs surrounding blackface while investigating ongoing disputes regarding its employment. The first video, “Jim Crow and Black Face,” delves into the past events regarding degrading depictions of African Americans in performances such as minstrel shows or blackface. Within this video, you shall be given a glimpse into historical traditions that have led to prejudice through derogatory generalizations against people who identify with being Black within America. A fundamental idea that we have learned in our course pertains to racism. A hierarchical mechanism of authority and subjugation, which functions within individualistic, institutionalized, as well as structural levels. This perception can be applied to scrutinize the effect of blackface on Black individuals throughout American times - both past and present. By portraying ill-bred caricatures through blackface depictions consistently over time has led to injurious negative connotations linked with 4

racial stereotypes, consequently used for supporting unfairness, aggression and repression against Blacks (as a group). An idea of significance is whiteness, which pertains to the societal position of white individuals as normative and privileged. This notion finds application in outlining how blackface constitutes a manifestation of white supremacy by endorsing the superiority status accorded to White people over Black ones. The practice symbolizes cultural appropriation that reinforces exclusion settings toward Blacks from mainstream American culture via marginalization perpetration upon them. The second video, “News clip on anchor Megyn Kelly’s phrase of ‘Black Face’,” examines the controversy surrounding Megyn Kelly's defense of blackface as a Halloween costume (Kludt, 2018). The featured film accentuates the continuous argument concerning the employment of blackface and how it sustains damaging presumptions and discrimination against individuals of African descent. One of the key theories we have covered in class is critical race theory, which recognizes the ways in which racism is embedded in society and institutions. An analysis can be conducted utilizing this theory to scrutinize the dispute that enveloped Megyn Kelly's remarks and how it mirrors the tenacity of racism within American society. The statements made by Kelly exemplify how individuals who are white can employ their authority and advantages purposely or unwittingly in maintaining racial prejudices alive. An essential ideology is cultural annexation, denoting the utilization of facets belonging to one civilization by people who belong to a different culture. This notion can 5

be employed in regards to how the application of blackface qualifies as being an act of cultural appropriation that works towards reinforcing Black individuals’ isolation and marginalization from American society’s dominant structure. This coincide with Steinberg’s assertion that “The formation of ethnic enclaves was a response to discrimination and exploitation. Immigrants settled in these enclaves for mutual support, protection, and cultural preservation. They were able to maintain their language and customs, and they formed their own institutions, such as churches, schools, and labor unions” (Steinberg, p. 30). To succinctly recapitulate, an exploration of the roots and aftermath of blackface is feasible by examining several notions that we have studied in our classes. These concepts encompass racism, whiteness, critical race theory as well as cultural appropriation. By utilizing these analytical frameworks to assess both past and present effects deployed on Black people residing within American borders through this appalling practice will enable us to confront the perpetual existence of discrimination in today's society. When observing the exhibits showcased in both Part I and Part II, it is evident that critical analysis possesses a profound capacity to scrutinize intricate social and cultural quandaries. Through employing theoretical frameworks alongside concepts absorbed during class lectures, we are enabled with an unparalleled comprehension of marginalized communities' hardships and travails. It also helps in gaining insights into how societal oppression as well as discrimination endures within our civilization. 6

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In Part I, the videos presented in Exhibit Four illustrate the challenges faced by Latinx individuals in the United States, including issues related to migration, identity, power struggles, and activism. Through the utilization of various theories such as intersectionality, cultural hegemony, critical race theory and racialization we are able to gain a more profound comprehension regarding both past histories and present lived experiences of those belonging to Latinx communities. This also allows us insight into how resistance has been employed by these individuals in order destabilize harmful systems which perpetuate oppression. In Part II, Exhibit Five explores the dispute surrounding blackface and its effects on Black people in present-day America as well as historically. Through an analysis of racism, whiteness critical race theory, cultural appropriation; we can gain insight into how blackface fortifies harmful generalizations about a particular group while at the same time promoting racial discrimination against them. 7

References Phillip, N. (2018, May 25). 9 People Reveal a Time They Racially Stereotyped a Stranger. The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/25/reader-center/racial-stereotypes.html Steinberg, S. (1989). The ignominious origins of ethnic pluralism in America. The ethnic myth: Race, ethnicity, and class in America . Boston: Beacon Press. PBS. (2013). Latino Americans: Episode 1 - Foreigners in Their Own Land [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/latino-americans-episode-1-foreigners-their- own-land/ PBS. (2013). Latino Americans: Episode 5 - Prejudice and Pride [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/latino-americans-episode-5-prejudice-and-pride/ Kludt, T. (2018, October 25). Megyn Kelly apologizes for defending blackface Halloween costumes. CNN Business . https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/23/media/megyn- kelly-blackface/index.html 8

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