Soc 2080 final exam

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University of Guelph *

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2080

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Jordan Magliaro SOC*2080 Professor Bradly Ross April 18, 2023 Question 1: Define and explain the term “Globalization” and analyze the potential positive and negative impacts this trend may have on a rural community. Use specific course examples. (565 words) The integration and interconnection of economies, cultures, and communities on a global scale are referred to as globalisation (Ross, 2023). There are three types of Globalization, Economic, political, and cultural. There are various benefits and drawbacks of globalisation, particularly in terms of how a small town in rural Ontario might be affected. The term globalization was brought about by technology, international trade in products and services, and international flows of capital, labour, and information. Globalization is prominent in our day to day lives, it is found in our technology, food, religion, business. It is the constant changes in our everyday lives that sometimes make us uncomfortable but without it our world would not be as advanced as it is today. There are both positive and negative repercussions to globalisation. Technology, trade, and the movements of people, information, and capital have all contributed to globalisation (Ross, 2023). One of the biggest positive effects is the Increased commerce and economic growth: Globalisation gives companies the chance to market their goods and services globally, which boosts the economy and generates more jobs. With increasing competition on the global market, consumers will benefit from cheaper pricing and more options. Furthermore, it enables cross-border interchange of ideas and information, which can result in discoveries and developments in several different disciplines (Ross, 2023). The

growth of the digital age and the power of the internet have made books, movies, and music instantly accessible to people all over the world. The speed at which cultural exchanges and globalisation are occurring is most likely a result of this (Ross, 2023). Now although there are a lot of prows to globalization, there are also a lot of cons that need to be taken into consideration as well. Cultural loss - In addition to the advantages that have allowed for cross- cultural exchanges, globalisation has the potential to occasionally homogenise cultures around the world (Ross, 2023). Economic loss is another huge negative effect that can occur, it can lead to unequal wealth distribution, and unequally beneficial trades. Another potential downside would be one party benefiting more than another. It is a key criticism of the globalisation phenomenon when certain actors (countries, businesses, and people) profit more from it than others. Aside from the impact it has one people and businesses, looking at it from an environmental stance is where bigger issues arise. The huge expansion of mobility that has served as the foundation of globalisation is also to blame for grave environmental challenges including greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and/or air pollution (Ross, 2023). Additionally, it contributes to biodiversity loss, deforestation, and ecosystem damage as well as the depletion of natural resources. A significant garbage issue is being caused by globalisation, particularly regarding plastic pollution (Ross, 2023). The severe damage that can come from the negative repercussions of globalization will have long term effects on rural communities. Especially considering the relay entirely on the environment. All in all, it is crucial to take into consideration both sides of globalization moving forward. It is not a matter of the good outweighing the bad it is the ripple effect that follows the final decision. Eventually, the influence of globalization on a rural Ontario town will rely on a range of

factors, including the size and diversity of the local economy, the strength of local industries, and the ability of businesses and individuals to adapt to changing economic conditions. Question 2: Define and explain the term “Greenfield Site” and analyze how the consequences of this phenomenon might impact a rural community. Include reference to at least three separates community capitals in your answer. (518 words) Undeveloped land in an urban or rural setting that is either used for agriculture or landscape design, or is allowed to develop naturally, is referred to as "greenfield land" in British English. Greenfield sites are huge threats to natural capitalism. Natural capitalism is everything around us, Consisting of the air, water, soil, wildlife, vegetation, landscape, and weather (Ross, 2023). When an issue like this interferes with Natural capitalism, it is a ripple effect that can and will cause bigger/ more sever issues globally. Greenfield sites are undeveloped areas within or outside a city, they are hard to access and typically on agricultural land. Rural communities are very dependent on the environment which is why many are against greenfield sites. These sites specifically target and effect the local and wider environment. Some immediate impacts include, habitat destruction, flora and wildlife being moved from one region to another, and the UK countryside losing its green, open spaces. Due to rural communities relying entirely on the environment, habitat destruction and loss of open space results in them losing a great majority of their food sources and farmland. Habitat damage will reduce biodiversity and will eventually cause more animals to become extinct, which will generate more harm to the earth long-term. Rural communities’ social capital consists of their institutions and systems that enable locals to engage and relate to one another while resolving issues for the greater good. Social capital is seen as the norms of reciprocity and mutual trust, rural communities’ norms consist of their

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farming, fishing, hunting and use of the great outdoors. However, with greenfield sites their norms and way of life as they once knew it will be abruptly altered for the worst. Financial capital is a struggle for rural communities and the expense of providing the location with water, sewage, power, gas, and telecommunications could be significant. This is a problem considering human capital states that Rural residents tend to be poorer than urban residents (Ross, 2023) . They don’t have the money to pay for these sites and rely solely on their resources. Looking at the potential long-term effects, a massive increase in pollution. If the number of greenfield sites is too high, rural areas may experience "urban sprawl". Rural communities will lack enough green space, but they rely on their crops to survive. Greenfield sites may have some pros, but the cons and side effects outweigh the good. All in all, greenfield sites are not environmentally friendly, the long-term effects can cause serious damage to the environment, and the increase in pollution can harm the Earth. The high amounts of air pollution can have a number of negative health effects on individuals such as lung cancer, heart problems, and respiratory infections. It is costly, seriously harms rural communities. The long-term effects of greenfield sites are unknown but can be predicted and based on predictions nothing good comes from these sites. We should work to improve rural communities not tear them down. Greenfield sites are destructive and there are other ways to manufacture plants and commercial projects without destroying our surroundings, the environment and everyone in it. Question 5: Highlight the challenges endured in the film “A Place of Tide and Time” and speculate how local and global policies may have exacerbated these conditions over the years. Finally, make recommendations for future policies in order to better protect the individuals of the film moving forward (532 words)

The documentary "A Place of Tide and Time" gives viewers a glimpse into the routines of residents of a small fishing community on Quebec's lower north shore. It was a great display of cultural capital; their values and views of the world stand out consistently throughout the film (Ross, 2023). It shows a small-town rural community and its living conditions on the east coast. Due to their seclusion and lack of access to resources and urban regions, this extremely rural population faces numerous challenges. This rural community's relationship with its natural resources is intricate, and fishing has a strong cultural legacy mainly because it is a necessity providing jobs and food. However, throughout the film they highlighted many obstacles endured by the community on a day-to-day bias such as poverty, unemployment, lack of health care, and limited resources. Due to there being so few resources available on the island, many kids depart to pursue post-secondary education. There were only 37 kids enrolled in the high school on the island, therefore there was little need for higher education. The young people who were interviewed acknowledged their remorse for leaving their hometowns while also expressing their interest about the outside world. Additionally, they stated that they wished to have more chances to support their own children. There were only two places to work: a fishing factory and a berry farm. The town's natural resources only offer a small number of jobs and chances for pursuits like fishing, hunting, and scenic tourism. Fishing and boating would be this town's most significant cultural assets. Most people in the community engage in these activities. Fishing and hunting are the main sources of income for the islanders who live there year-round because there are few other options for employment in the town. With lack of health care available, it made surviving the covid-19 pandemic extra difficult. Zero public transportation available and the long commute to a hospital made treatment harder to access. The population is small and steadily dwindling, and

young people have decided that their future must entail moving to the city. In the future to improve rural communities such as the one in the film, they can supply payments for ecosystem services and the elimination of subsidies for power, fuels, fertiliser, irrigation water, and other limited inputs that harm the environment. Improving the productivity of small farms and their ability to access markets will create more jobs and easier access to food. As well as preserving limited resources, innovations like water harvesting and precision farming can increase agricultural production. Creating more jobs and increasing the population will bring more jobs, more community, and provide more help with preservation of their land. Agriculture continues to be a major source of income for rural communities; therefore, agriculture's development will contribute to the improvement of rural areas and people. All in all, changes won’t happen overnight, these issues they struggle with daily need to be taken seriously before they lead to worse/ more severe problems down the line. All of these solutions to help protect individuals of rural communities will take time and consistency but they need to be done in order to see positive outcomes in the future.

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Works Cited “Fao.org.” How We Do It | Reduce Rural Poverty | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , https://www.fao.org/reduce-rural-poverty/overview/how-we-do-it/en/ . “Green Field Investment - Explained.” The Business Professor, LLC, https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/global-international-law-relations/green-field- investment-definition . Rural Changes: Their Types and Effects on Rural Capital - Researchgate . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254457519_Rural_changes_Their_types_and_eff ects_on_rural_capital . World Bank Group. “The Human Capital Project: Frequently Asked Questions.” World Bank , World Bank Group, 30 Mar. 2023, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human- capital/brief/the-human-capital-project-frequently-asked-questions . Kerlin, Mike, et al. “Rural Rising: Economic Development Strategies for America's Heartland.” McKinsey & Company , McKinsey & Company, 30 Mar. 2022, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/rural-rising- economic-development-strategies-for-americas-heartland . Ruchita. “What Are Some Challenges of Developing a Greenfield Project?” Marathon Group , Marathon Group, 22 Aug. 2022, https://marathon.in/faq-items/what-are-some-challenges- of-developing-a-greenfield-project/ . Blundell, Steph. “Brownfield vs Greenfield Construction – Which Is Better?” Planning, Building & Construction Today , 22 Oct. 2018, https://www.pbctoday.co.uk/news/planning- construction-news/brownfield-vs-greenfield-construction/48170/ . Ross, Bradley. 2023. SOC 2080 (01): Rural sociology : University of Guelph. April 18 Flora. C. B., Flora, J. L., & Gasteyer, S. P (2019). Rural Communities : Legacy and change . Routledege, Taylor & Francis Group.

Soc 2080 final exam

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