GEROSEX EXAM

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Laurentian University *

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2257

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 1 2023 WINTER EXAMINATION Debbie Craig Faculty of Arts, Laurentian University GERO 4257 EL, Section 12: GEROSEX Dr. Elia Eliev April 21, 2023

2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 2 Outline five characteristics that impact one's understanding and attitude towards sexuality in later life. Give one (1) specific example. Five characteristics that impact our understanding and attitude towards sexuality in later life are religious beliefs, the media, social culture, family and friends, and education. Some religions embrace the human capacity for sexual expression in later life, while many perceive sexuality as taboo or even an abomination. In many cultures, sex is for procreation, not enjoyment, especially for women. Media — the media influences our view of older people's sexuality by perpetuating the idea that sexuality is for attractive younger people. Social culture — Culture has a profound impact on sexuality. Through our environment, we learn appropriate and inappropriate behavior, and our understanding of intimacy and sexuality in later life is no exception. Family and friends — In many instances, people's attitude about sexuality in later years comes from their family members. Often their understanding and attitude of older adults' sexuality are formed from the viewpoint of people in their close circle. Education — A sound education can sometimes replace some of the negative beliefs we have about older adults' sexuality allowing for a more realistic and optimistic view. For example, before enrolling in Gerosex, I believed all older adults were asexual or uninterested in sex. I also characterize getting older by steady physical and cognitive decline. I thought that sex was for younger people, but since taking this course, I learned that though these beliefs may be true for some older adults, they are not valid for everyone. I also learned that many older adults are very interested in their sexuality and express their sexuality just like younger people. Question # 2 How do cultural background and worldviews influence our understanding of sexuality and intimacy in later life?

2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 3 Worldview is a type of belief system. It is a way of looking at and explaining life and the world. It usually comprises beliefs influencing a person's perception, values, and actions. One definition of culture is that it is a learned set of interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people passed down from generation to generation. According to Gerena (2021), culture is how we organize, rationalize, and understand our experience in the world. Through culture, we construct meaning, allowing us to tell stories and form narratives (Gerena, 2021). Culture and worldview shape our behavior and thoughts, influencing individual attitudes toward each other, including our perception of older adults' sexuality. Our cultural backgrounds and worldviews dictate our understanding of sexuality and intimacy in later life in many societies worldwide. According to Module 1, in the Western view, Aging is characterized by a physical and cognitive decline; the general assumption is that older adults are asexual or impotent. These assumptions lead many to believe they can dismiss older people's sexuality as irrelevant. Most cultures dictate that being a youth is the epitome of one's life, including their sexuality. When the younger years pass, people in many cultures automatically give little to no thought to older adults' sexuality. Or turn down their noses when the topic becomes the point of discussion. However, educating individuals about the facts about the life of older adults and their sexuality can bring about positive change. Question #3 Why is it important to look at the relationship perspective when discussing sexuality and intimacy? It is crucial to look at the relationship perspective when discussing sexuality and intimacy because sexual encounters happen almost exclusively in relationships. According to Module 2, we constantly form several relationships throughout our lifetime. We forge friendships, and work relationships, create families, and seek significant others. Antonnucie (2014) states that the

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2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 4 convoy model contributed many theoretical advancements to studying social relationships. In this module, social relationships are perceived as multi-dimensional. And their basic form includes structure, type, and quality (Antonnucie, 2014). Also, the Latest studies of the convoy model demonstrated that although the relationship quantity was important, the quality was more predictive of most outcomes, including mortality and physical and mental health (Antonnucie, 2014). Also, Module 2 states that the World Health Organization recently recognized social relations as essential determinants of health throughout one's life. Relationships provide the basic needs for affection, love, and adding enjoyment to life (Module 2). In addition, Module 2 explains that social relationships are essential because they give individuals feelings of competence and power. It is within the boundaries of a relationship that we feel closeness and have a sense of well-being and belonging. Thus, we cannot discuss intimacy and sexuality without relating to relationships. It is through relationships that sexual encounters happen; therefore, it is only fitting that we look at the relationship's perspective when discussing sexuality and intimacy. Question # 4 What type of cultural prohibitions exists towards sex in later life? How does this apply to LGBTTQI-2S individuals? More societies are against older adults than younger people who practice oral sex and masturbation. It is well documented that many societies do not ascribe any importance to more senior adult sexuality because they believe that older adults are asexual or impotent. And when older adults express interest in their sexuality or openly engage in sexual or intimate activities, people look at them disgustingly. That disgust and disdain are multiplied by three when we add masturbation and oral sex. In some cultures, oral sex and masturbation among younger people

2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 5 are not just taboo but are perceived as forbidden immorality. The situation is even worse when the topic of masturbation and oral sex involves older adults. Many older people of the LGBTTQ1-2S community deal with many more prohibitions concerning their sexuality than heterosexual people. In many cultures, homosexuality is forbidden by law. And people must hide their identity and sexual orientation from members of their family, community, and society if they want to be accepted. People caught in the homosexual lifestyle could face several negative consequences, including death. In societies like Canada and where The state legalized homosexuality, many people LGBTTQI-2S are still walking on thin ice as many individuals are against the lifestyle to the point where older adults where some people are afraid to disclose their sexual orientation and identity in specific settings. Question # 5 Do LGBTTQI-2S older adults have special needs? What are they? How can we accommodate those needs in long-term care? According to Wilson (2018), In Canada, despite recent legislative action to give equal rights to LGBT individuals, health research, education, and care landscape have not fully accounted for the unique health needs of older LGBT adults. And Findings from literature documenting the experiences and perceptions of LGBTTQI-2S older adults in long-term care (LTC) homes suggest that LGBT residents believe that discrimination is present in LTC facilities (Sussman et al., 2018). And the relevant people have taken limited, if any, steps toward guarding against discriminatory practices (Sussman et al., 2018). Older adults are most vulnerable when they can no longer care for themselves, and it is especially true for minority groups, including older adults of the LGBTQI-2S community. According to Sussman et al. (2018), some LGBTTQI-2S older adults must hide their sexual orientation. However, studies found that nondisclosure of sexual orientation has been negatively

2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 6 associated with health care quality. And Sussman (2018) states that research in Canada revealed a lack of awareness and training among service providers and administrators employed at LTC homes. One of the most significant concerns surrounding LGBTTQI-SL in healthcare is the overwhelming presumption that current approaches to diversity are sufficient to meet the needs of the LGBTTQI-2S population. I believe there is a need for LTC facilities constructed for members of this community with trained staff educated about the needs of LGBTTQI-2S people. This will eliminate many of the problems concerning discrimination and biases. It would also create a safe space for family and friends to visit their loved ones.

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2023 WINTER EXAMINATION 7 References Antonucci, T.C., Ajouch, K.J., & Birditt, K.S., (2014). The convoy model: Explaining social relations from a multidisciplinary perspective. The gerontologist 54 (1) 82-92. Doi.10.1093/geront/gnt118 Eliev, S. (2023) Module 4: Living in Long-term-care. Laurentian University Eliev, S. (2023) Module 2: Relationships – The convey model. Laurentian University Eliev, S. (2023) Module 4: What do I need to know about 2SLGBTTQI+ older adults? Laurentian University Eliev, S. (2023) Module 1: World views on sexuality. Laurentian University Gerena, C. E. (2021). Navigating culture and sexuality: what social workers need to know. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1– 7. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2021.1986447 Sussman, T., Brotman, S., MacIntosh, H., Chamberland, L., MacDonnell, J., Daley, A., Dumas, J., & Churchill, M. (2018). Supporting lesbians, gays and transgender inclusivity in long term care homes: A Canadian perspective. Canadian Journal of Aging 37 (2) 121-132 Wilson, K., Kortes-Miller, K., & Stinchcombe, A. (2018). Staying Out of the Closet: LGBT Older Adults' Hopes and Fears in Considering End-of-Life. Canadian Journal on Aging, 37(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980817000514

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