JUS_Interpreting Crime Data_SANCHEZ

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INTERPRETING CRIME DATA Interpreting Crime Data Shelby Sanchez JUS – 445 Professor Jones 1

INTERPRETING CRIME DATA Interpreting Crime Data Youth violence refers to young people from ages 10 to 24 years old who intentionally use physical force or power to threaten or harm others (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . Youth homicide in the United States is “the third leading cause of death, which is responsible for more deaths in this age group than the following seven leading causes of death combined” (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . This type of violence is not the result of one factor, so there are many paths that need to be taken in order to prevent youth violence from occurring (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . Youth violence is influenced by the interaction of multiple individual, relationship, community, and social factors. These factors can interrelate to increase or decrease the probability that youth will become tangled in violence. This essay will go into detail about the why youth violence is such a critical problem, the costs of this violence, and ways in which the nation and its people can help create prevention programs. Youth Violence Critical Problem According to David-Ferdon and Simon, youth violence is such a critical problem because there is not a simple solution to preventing reoccurrences of this type of violence. Instead, what makes youth violence more difficult to handle is there are many different reasons and solutions to solve specific instances of this violence. Additionally, statistics have shown that over the years the declining rates of youth violence are starting to stall and are remaining unacceptably high. Statistical records show that back in 1993 the homicide rate for youth (aged 10 to 24 years old) was 15.9 percent per 100,000 youth (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . Fast forward from 2000 to 2

INTERPRETING CRIME DATA 2010, these youth homicide rates were 7.3 to 9 percent per 100,000 youth (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . Although there is a decline in the youth violence rate of roughly 1 percent per year, these percentages are considerably higher than overall homicide rates for other ages. Different trends throughout the nation suggest there is a possibility for youth violence prevention, however researchers need to invest time and resources to find the most effective and efficient ways to handle this critical problem. Not only are there physical, emotional, societal and social consequences to violence in youth but their families, schools, and communities are affected as well. The costs of youth violence are hard to measure, but despite this there are long and short-term impacts on social, educational, and employment systems to name a few (David-Ferdon & Simon, 2014) . David-Ferdon and Simon present statistics in their journal that present the combined total, fatal and nonfatal injuries, which calculates only medical and loss of work for youth violence, estimates roughly $17.5 billion dollars. This does not include all the other direct and indirect costs youth will need from experiencing youth violence. Some of the indirect costs for people who are involved in youth violence can include: fear in communities, declining property value, struggling schools, and lost earnings. While direct costs can be: legal and social services, law enforcement and incarceration, and medical and mental health care. Finkelhor Study Design In the study design used by Finkelhor, he was able to assess children’s exposure to prevention programming by conducting a national survey on children’s exposure to violence. This national survey was a non-experimental study to obtain present occurrence estimates of risk 3

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INTERPRETING CRIME DATA factors and range of children’s exposure to violence (Finkelhor, 2014) . For this specific study, the national sample included 4,503 youth and children, however the subset for the study interviews used was of 3,391 children ages 5 to 17 years old (Finkelhor, 2014) . In order to increase validity and keep bias out of the study, the researcher used a random digit dialing (RDD) system and Address-Based Sample (ABS). The RDD was used to select the sample of telephone households that would be used for this interview. While the ABS was used to gather a national sample of addresses from the postal delivery system (Finkelhor, 2014) . The research studies methods for data collection were interviews conducted over the landline telephone, cellular telephone and mailed out questionnaires. The data analysis dealt with exploratory analyses of prevention programs and exposure to prevention programs by age of youth. The limitations of this study were that it was not an experimental study therefore not well designed to look at the effects, the findings of younger youth were from caregivers instead of children themselves which can decrease the validity of the information gathered, and study only collected program information about the most recent program the youth experienced (Finkelhor, 2014) . Despite these limitations the findings from this study suggest that the quality of these prevention programs needs work, however it was positive to see many of these youths having received some form of education on prevention of violence (Finkelhor, 2014) . In order to improve the quality of the program, researchers need to continue to gather evidence to find which materials will most effectively aid in prevention measures (Hagan, 2011) . Prevention Programs 4

INTERPRETING CRIME DATA There are a few reasons to think that program implementation has stalled. For one, schools, the main setting for prevention, have been challenged with economical cuts and instructions to improve learning outcomes in established courses, which leads schools to desert preventative programs such as youth violence programs (Finkelhor, 2014) . If schools made it a priority to include youth violence programs, with valuable information, then the national youth violence percentage could see signs of reduction. In the same respects, the Finkelhor’s study concluded that many children and youth do receive education from violence prevention programs, however the results from the study show that the quality of the programs are “poor”. The term “poor” in this sense means the children found the information was not useful in real life circumstances (Finkelhor, 2014) . Nonetheless, evidence shows that program exposure can have potential benefits. In order for these programs to provide children with the maximum amount of benefits, schools need to make more of an effort to present these materials and integrate them better into the curriculum (Finkelhor, 2014) . By doing so children will be able to have valuable information and tips on how to prevent violence and be able to use them in their everyday lives (Hagan, 2011) . 5

INTERPRETING CRIME DATA References David-Ferdon, C., & Simon, T. (2014). Preventing Youth Violence: Opportunities for Action. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control . Finkelhor, V. T. (2014). Youth Exposure Prevention Programs in a National Sample. Child Abuse & Neglect . Hagan, F. E. (2011). Essentials of Research for Criminal Justice (3rd Edition ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. 6

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