HUSS125 Week 2 CAT Assessment Tamara P

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Bryant & Stratton College *

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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HUSS125 – Family Theory and Services Week 2 – CAT This assessment is worth 10% of your final grade. Deadline Due by the end of Week 2 at 11:59 pm, ET. Outcomes Completing this Assessment will help you to meet the following: Course Outcome  Analyze the historical to contemporary theoretical evolution of family and relationship theories. Directions This week you will complete a timeline and a corresponding narrative of at least 500 words in length. This timeline and narrative will be used to analyze how theories pertaining to families and relationships have changed over time. In completing the timeline and accompanying narrative, the information and links provided in the Week 2 lecture will be particularly helpful. You may also conduct your own research using outside scholarly sources if you wish. Make sure to cite any references used. To begin, fill in the timeline template provided in Appendix A of this document (starting on page 5). Bullet points are included in the template to help you organize your thoughts. Each row of the timeline represents a different theory or theorist important in explaining family and relationship dynamics. Note that the order of this timeline is approximate. Many of the theorists were working at the same time, had multiple publications, or built off of one another’s ideas, causing the dates to overlap a bit. The first row of the timeline has been completed for you as an example. For each of the remaining rows, please do the following within the timeline (in your own words):  Briefly describe the important contributions/tenets of that particular theory or theorist. Pay special attention to their ideas about family (remember: theorists who talk about the infleunce of the “environment” are likely talking in part about family).

HUSS125 – CAT 2  In your description, try to focus on what helps to differentiate this particular theory/theorist from the others listed in the timeline. Once you have completed the timeline, write a narrative at least 500 words in length in which you compare and contrast the ideas from the theorists/theories summarized in your timeline. Detail any key themes you noticed in how theories about families and relationships have changed over time. A template for the organization of your narrative is provided below the timeline in Appendix A of this document (beginning on page 5).

HUSS125 – CAT 3 HUSS125 – CAT Grading Rubric Criteria Excellent Average Needs Improvement Points Timeline Content 45 points 38 - 45 points Entire timeline is completed with correct details in every row. For each listed theory/theorist, an accurate description is provided and ideas focused on family are discussed. 30 - 37 points The majority of rows in the timeline are completed with correct details. Mostly accurate information is provided to describe each listed theory/theorist and what that theory/theorist says about family or relationships. However, certain cells would benefit from additional detail and/or clarity. 0 - 29 points Few of the rows in the timeline are filled in accurately, rows are filled in completely, but details are inaccurate, or timeline is left blank. Narrative 45 points 38 - 45 points The narrative fully describes key similarities/differences between the theories/theorists and provides a thorough analysis of how theories related to family and relationships have evolved over time. The narrative is well reasoned, offers supporting details, and exemplifies higher-level thinking. 30 - 37 points The narrative briefly describes key similarities/differences between the theories/theorists, as well as identifying some themes in how theories related to family/relationships have changed over time. However, some supporting details or examples are lacking. Parts of the analysis show evidence of higher- level thinking and a basic understanding of the listed theories. 0 – 29 points The narrative is incomplete, lacking significant detail, or contains irrelevant or inaccurate information on key similarities/differences between the identified theories and/or the ways in which theories related to relationships and families have changed over time. Grammar and Spelling 10 points 9 - 10 points The visual organization of information in the rows of the timeline is easy to follow, with spaces or bullet points separating details. The written narrative follows a logical and clear pattern of development. There are 3 or fewer errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. 6 - 8 points The visual organization of information in the rows of the timeline can be followed with minimal difficulty. Some attempt is made to separate details in each row. Most of the written narrative follows a logical and clear pattern of development. There are minimal errors (4-6) in spelling and grammar. The errors do not cloud the meaning of the message. 0 - 5 points The visual organization of information in the rows of the timeline is difficult to follow. No attempt is made to separate details in each row. The written narrative does not follow a logical and clear pattern of development. The organization of the narrative makes reading difficult and confusing. There are more than 6 errors in spelling and grammar. Errors cloud

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HUSS125 – CAT 4 the meaning of the message. Instructor Comments: Total Points:

HUSS125 – CAT 5 Appendix A – Timeline and Narrative Template Theorist or Theory Brief Description of Theory and/or Theorist’s Important Contributions Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)  Freud focused on interactions between internal drives and the environment. He thought most internal drives are sexual and/or aggressive. Drives that are threatening or unpleasant are pushed to a person’s unconscious, where they might still cause anxiety or symptoms of mental illness.  Freud believed libido (drive for pleasure) is centered in different body parts as an individual ages. Inadequate stimulation from the environment could lead an individual to get stuck in one of these stages and thus affect their personality development.  By focusing on the importance of the environment, Freud clearly understood the crucial role that family can play. However, he focused on treating individual patients, not the entire family. Erik Erikson (1902 – 1994)  This psychological theory describes the impact of social experiences through a lifespan. According to Erik Erikson’s, instincts each stage an individual must resolve a crisis that results from social and cultural demands.  This theory helps us to understand how our environment shapes our personality. Parents, guardians, and other family members can have an effect on each of the stages. The personality traits that we acquire as a result of each of the conflicts identified will shape how we behave in our own families and interpersonal relationships as adults. B. F. Skinner (1904 – 1990)  Skinner approaches family therapy by using the ideas of reinforcement and punishment to shape an individual's behaviors. It is focused more on treating the individual than on the family system.

HUSS125 – CAT 6  Adults mostly provide the positive reinforcements and punishments that children learn from. Children are more likely to repeat behaviors that have been reinforced and less likely to repeat behaviors that have been punished. Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917 – 2005)  Urie Bronfenbrenner identified different levels of the various factors that could influence a child's development which include the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.  Bronfenbrenner created an interdisciplinary theory of human ecology which is the study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. Family Development Theory (origins in the 1940’s and 1950’s)  Tracking families for a number of years led sociologists Evelyn Duvall and Reuben Hill to conclude that families pass through a series of predictable stages as they grow and develop. Individuals exist within the context of the family lifecycle.  Individual's personal developments and attempts to gain independence occur within the larger family unit. Murray Bowen (1913 – 1990)  According to Bowen, an individual's behavior was less determined by their personal choices and more affected by their relationship with family members and emotional connections between them.  Individuals strive for independence/autonomy while also craving emotional closeness.  Family members are independent and interconnected. A change in one member's behaviors will affect the others. In examining the emotional interconnections between family members, Bowen focused on eight interlocking concepts.

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HUSS125 – CAT 7 Feminist Family Theory (origins in the 1950’s)  The Feminist theories focused on the power imbalance and inequalities that exist between men and women.  This perspective is focused on empowerment and allowing individuals to make choices about what roles are best suited for them. Social Exchange Theory (Originally published by Thibaut and Kelley in 1959)  A person's expectations for what they deserve in relationships are affected by a number of factors including past experience and self- esteem.  Social exchange theory takes a more economic view of relationships. We want to find relationships that all of us to maximize rewards and minimize costs. For a relationship to continue, both partners must feel they are profiting. Life Course Perspective (origins in the 1960’s)  Life course perspective acknowledges there can be and incredible amount of individual variability as the result of the different experiences and historical events people face.  The life course perspective seeks to unite a variety of ideas from the humanities and social sciences. In doing so, the life course perspective argues that humans are shaped in predictable ways by factors such as age, social structures, and historical changes. Attachment Theory (Originally published by Bowlby in 1969)  Attachment theory believes our experiences in early childhood shape our expectations and behaviors in relationships for the remainder of our lives. Compare and Contrast Tamara Phairr Introduction Over time a lot of theories and theorists have provided great contributions when it comes to family and relationships. Many theories had similar approaches and ideas but there were some who focused on a different angle, while some focused on the individual. Others focused on the entire family. However, each theory provided a great explanation for one's development. I will

HUSS125 – CAT 8 identify and explain the similarities and differences, while also pointing out how these theories have changed over time. Body Early behaviorist such as Freud, Erikson and Skinner had a few things in common. They had theories on how development takes place throughout an individual life, and rather than focusing on the family as a whole they focused more on the individual. The difference between Freud and Erikson was Freud used a psychosexual approach and Erikson had a psychosocial theory. I believe Erikson’s psychosocial theory is more affective due to his stages that lasted beyond childhood, unlike freud. However, looking at the bigger picture they both pointed out the importance of social experiences and the role childhood plays in shaping adult personality. Unlike the early behaviorists, Bronfenbrenner and Bowen examined the family as a whole. They knew and focused more on a variety of factors that could influence the family and the developing child. For example, Bowen believed to fully understand an individual and change their behavior you have to understand their immediate family, extended family, and the larger society. However, Bronfenbrenner dug a little deeper and focused on school, family, neighborhood, financial situation, society and or more. Although, I do believe family history and genetics is very important; Bronfenbrenner factor gave a wider variety. Overall, I believe they both saw the bigger picture. I do believe the family development theory and life course theory had a few similarities as well. They both believed that humans would go through predictable stages as the grow and develop. They went by basic principles

HUSS125 – CAT 9 such as how we as people transition though major life events. However, life course theory realized that everyone will not go through the same stages because everyone will not go through the same experiences. Overtime these theories have improved and became more realistic. If you look at the beginning starting with Freud in 1856 who focused on the individual, then Bowen and Bronfenbrenner came years later and took a look at the entire family as a whole. As years went past these theories became more accurate and focused on a more variety of options. For example, in the 1940's and 1950's the family development theory had a great point of view. Essentially each theory made the next one better. Conclusion Many theorists and theories have made great points pertaining to family and relationships. Over the years these theories have made it possible for each theory and theorist to provide a better approach. Whether it was what factors influence the development of a child or how to change one's behavior each theory paid great contributions.

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HUSS125 Week 2 CAT Assessment Tamara P

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