Assignment Chapter 5 Equality

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Assignment Chapter 5 Equality Name May 3, 2023

 Why was the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education significant? The significance of this Supreme Court case was to end racial segregation in American schools. The principle of “separate but equal” had been established in the United States. This required children to be separated in public schools according to their race. There were separate facilities for white and black students. Black children could not enjoy equal education opportunities because they were segregated. The “Brown v. Board of Education” case enhanced the equality of students. Both black and white students could be treated equally ( Heise 2020) . They could not be required to stay in separate places. The decision of the Supreme Court affected a significant number of schools that had been segregated legally in the various states.  What is affirmative action? Affirmative action refers to the procedures undertaken to eliminate discrimination. It also refers to policies with the purpose of increasing opportunities for minority people or underrepresented people. Affirmative action counters discrimination against minority groups. Governments often implement affirmative action programs while considering national origin, sex, religion, and race. Affirmative action can include helping people living with disabilities and helping increase gender representation. It involves the active efforts to improve opportunities such as educational and employment opportunities for those who have always been discriminated against ( Holzer et al. 2020) . Affirmative action in the United States has led to increased employment opportunities for minority groups. Groups of people who have been considered are women, people with disabilities, and African Americans.

 What are other ways of implementing equality guarantees? Equality guarantees can be implemented by developing programs and schemes to help those who are disadvantaged and developing new laws. There could be programs that help disadvantaged people such as those who have disabilities. The government could develop schemes to ensure that disadvantaged people are uplifted. There could also be laws to prevent discrimination against minority groups. The government could develop laws and penalties for organizations that discriminate against disadvantaged people. It could have policies that promote equality among all citizens. The community could create an inclusive culture whereby all cultures are respected. All community members could be taught how to treat everyone fairly and equally.  Why do you think so many other countries perceive explicit legislative quotas as consistent with their constitutional equality guarantees? What additional "equality" issues does a system of quotas produce? Explicit legislative quotas are perceived as consistent with constitutional equality guarantees because they aim to reduce inequalities and imbalances. These quotas are used to fight inequality in various areas such as business and politics. Quotas are often effective in ensuring that various people are represented. In politics, they ensure that a government is not led by men or women only. Explicit legislative quotas increase the representation of minorities. A system of quotas produces equality issues such as lack of justice at an individual level. Quotas ensure there is fairness regarding gender distribution at a societal level; however, they might be perceived as unfair by those who lose their positions due to the quotas.

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REFERENCES Heise, M. (2020). Brown v. Board of Education, footnote 11, and multidisciplinarity. Cornell L. Rev. , 90 , 279. Holzer, H., & Neumark, D. (2020). Assessing affirmative action. Journal of Economic literature , 38 (3), 483-568.

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