EME 803 Lit Review 5

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Pennsylvania State University *

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803

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Sociology

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May 7, 2024

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docx

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EME 803 – Lit Review 5: Energy and Environment Organizing Theme The common thread of the Energy Policy review articles is the need for significant investment in new technologies and infrastructure, as well as the importance of policy changes and social innovation to support the transition to a low-carbon energy system. They address the need to develop and implement policies that enable greater flexibility in energy systems. Descriptions Social Aspects Articles 5.1 Nelson et al. and 5.4 Matschoss et al. Both Nelson and Matschoss emphasize the importance of understanding the social dimensions of climate change and argue that social innovation is essential for achieving low-carbon transitions. Both authors agree to call for more attention to social transitions in climate policymaking. 5.1 "The technological and social timelines of climate mitigation: Lessons from 12 past transitions," by Nelson and Allwood, examines the historical record of 12 past technological transitions and identifies some key lessons for the current transition to a low-carbon energy system. The authors find that technological transitions are typically long and complex processes and that they often require significant government intervention. Premise - The first article argues that technological transitions typically take longer than social transitions and that policymakers should focus on social transitions to achieve climate goals more quickly. Topic - the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a low-carbon energy system, with a focus on the need for investment in new technologies and infrastructure, policy changes, and social innovation. Method - The first article uses a historical analysis of 12 past technological transitions to identify lessons for the current transition to a low-carbon energy system. Findings - The first article finds that technological transitions typically take longer than social transitions. 5.4 "Drawing Policy Insights from Social Innovation Cases in the Energy Field," by Matschoss et al., explores the potential of social innovation to contribute to a low-carbon energy transition. The authors define social innovation as "new ideas and practices that are collectively developed and implemented to address societal challenges." They argue that social innovation can play an important role in accelerating the transition to a low-carbon energy system by providing new solutions to the challenges of the transition. Premise - The second article explores the potential of social innovation to contribute to low-carbon transitions and concludes that social innovation should be considered in energy policymaking. Topic - the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a low-carbon energy system, with a focus on the need for investment in new technologies and infrastructure, policy changes, and social innovation. Method - The second article uses a case study approach to explore the potential of social innovation to contribute to a low-carbon energy transition. Findings: The second article finds that social innovation projects can have a wide range of positive impacts, including measurable reductions in emissions and green investments. 1

Policymaker Aspects Articles 5.2 Rhodes et al. and 5.5 Mlecnik et al. The common thread in Rhodes et al. and Mlecnik et al. articles is the focus on energy policy and regulations in the context of energy flexibility. Both authors agree on the need to develop and implement policies that enable greater flexibility in energy systems. While Rhodes primarily examines cross-country comparative policies, Mlecnik focuses on the challenges faced by energy flexibility service providers, but both are centered around the concept of energy flexibility within the energy policy context. 5.2 "Designing flexible regulations to mitigate climate change: A cross-country comparative policy analysis" by Rhodes, Ekaterina, Scott, William A, and Jaccard, Mark. Premise: The premise of this article is to analyze and compare the regulatory policies of different countries regarding energy flexibility in the context of mitigating climate change. The authors aim to understand how regulations can be designed to effectively address climate change issues. Topic: The primary topic is energy policy regulations and their flexibility in addressing climate change. The article explores how different countries have approached this issue. Method: The method used is a cross-country comparative policy analysis. The authors likely examine various countries' energy policies, regulations, and flexibility in addressing climate change. They might compare the effectiveness of these policies and regulations. Findings: The findings in this article are likely related to the effectiveness of different regulatory approaches in addressing climate change through energy policy. It may discuss which regulatory designs are more successful in promoting energy flexibility and reducing carbon emissions. 5.5: "Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services" by Erwin Mlecnik, James Parker, Zheng Ma, Cristina Corchero, Armin Knotzer, Roberta Pernetti. Premise: The premise of this article is to identify and address the policy challenges associated with the development of energy flexibility services. The authors aim to highlight and discuss the obstacles and issues related to these services. Topic: The primary topic is energy flexibility services and the policy challenges that hinder their development. The article likely delves into the various obstacles and issues that need to be overcome to advance energy flexibility services. Method: The method used is not explicitly mentioned, but the article probably includes a review of existing policies, an analysis of challenges faced by energy flexibility service providers, and potentially some case studies to illustrate the issues. Findings: The findings in this article may revolve around the identification and discussion of specific policy challenges that impede the development and deployment of energy flexibility services. It might also suggest potential solutions or recommendations to address these challenges. System Optimization 5.3 Zhu et al. and 5.6 Brückmann The authors Zhu and Brückmann use energy system optimization models as useful tools to analyze the effects of different policies on the adoption and deployment of low-carbon energy technologies in the United States and Germany. Both authors discuss how to enhance the realism and policy relevance of energy system optimization models by incorporating various methods and data sources that reflect the preferences, perceptions, and constraints of different actors and stakeholders in the energy system. 2

5.3 “Enhancing policy realism in energy system optimization models: Politically feasible decarbonization pathways for the United States.” by Zhu, Qianru, Leibowicz, Benjamin D., Busby, Joshua W., Shindore, Sarang, Adelman, David E., Olmstead, Sheila M. Premise: the underlying assumption or motivation that drives the research. It is usually related to a gap in knowledge, a problem, or a controversy that needs to be addressed. Topic: The use of energy system optimization models to analyze the effects of different policies on the adoption and deployment of low-carbon energy technologies. Method: the method is energy system optimization modeling, which is a quantitative method that uses mathematical equations and algorithms to simulate and optimize different scenarios of energy supply and demand. Findings: the findings are that politically feasible decarbonization pathways for the United States require a combination of carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards, clean energy subsidies, and nuclear power expansion. 5.6 “The effects of policies providing information and trialing on the knowledge about and the intention to adopt new energy technologies.” by Gracia Brückmann. Premise: there is a need for effective policies to promote the adoption of low-carbon energy technologies to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable development goals. Topic: insights and recommendations for improving the design and implementation of policies that aim to promote the adoption and deployment of low-carbon energy technologies. Method: the method is survey experiments, which is a qualitative method that uses questionnaires and randomized treatments to measure and compare the effects of different policy interventions on people's attitudes and behaviors. Findings: the findings are that policies providing information and trialing increase people's knowledge about and intention to adopt new energy technologies, but their effects vary depending on the type of technology and policy. Broader Issues  The need for a systemic approach to energy transition: The articles highlight the interconnectedness of different aspects of the energy system, such as technology, economics, and social dynamics. This suggests that energy policy should take a holistic approach that considers the interactions between these different factors.  The importance of flexibility and resilience: The articles also emphasize the need for energy systems to be flexible and resilient to cope with uncertainty and change. This is particularly important in the context of climate change, which is expected to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events.  The role of social innovation in energy transition: The articles highlight the importance of social innovation in driving energy transition. Social innovation can take many forms, such as new business models, community-led initiatives, and technological breakthroughs. Next Steps  How to ensure that energy transition is just and equitable: The articles highlight the importance of ensuring that the benefits of energy transition are shared equitably across society. This raises questions about how to design policies that support vulnerable groups and communities. 3

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 How to accelerate the deployment of clean energy technologies: The articles identify several barriers to the deployment of clean energy technologies, such as cost, risk, and regulatory uncertainty. More research is needed to develop effective policies to overcome these barriers.  How to integrate energy systems with other sectors: The articles emphasize the need to integrate energy systems with other sectors, such as transportation and agriculture. This is important for achieving net-zero emissions targets and building a more sustainable future. Referenced Articles 5.1 Nelson, Sarah & Allwood, Julian M. “The technological and social timelines of climate mitigation: Lessons from 12 past transitions.” Energy Policy, 2021. 5.2 Rhodes, Ekaterina, Scott, William A, Jaccard, Mark. “Designing flexible regulations to mitigate climate change: A cross-country comparative policy analysis.” Energy Policy, 2021. 5.3 Zhu, Qianru, Leibowicz, Benjamin D., Busby, Joshua W., Shindore, Sarang, Adelman, David E., Olmstead, Sheila M. “Enhancing policy realism in energy system optimization models: Politically feasible decarbonization pathways for the United States.” Energy Policy, 2022. 5.4 Matschoss, Kaisa, Mikkonen, Irmeli, Gynther, Lea, Koukoufikis, Giorgos, Uihlein, Andreas, Murauskaite-Bull, Ingrida. “Drawing policy insights from social innovation cases in the energy field.” Energy Policy, 2022. 5.5 Mlecnik, Erwin, Parker, James, Ma, Zheng, Corchero, Christina, Knotzer, Armin, Pernetti, Roberta. “Policy challenges for the development of energy flexibility services.” Energy Policy, 2020. 5.6 Brückmann, Gracia. “The effects of policies providing information and trialing on the knowledge about and the intention to adopt new energy technologies.” Energy Policy, 2022. 4

EME 803 Lit Review 5

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