Redemption OT v NT
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Apr 3, 2024
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Redemption in the OT means to buy back property or a life for a price or ransom (Harrison 2017, 728). If someone sold themselves, family members, or land to pay off a debt, they could be redeemed by a next-of-kin or what is known as a kinsmen-redeemer. The price of redemption was after Adam and Even disobeyed God in eating the fruit, and their eyes were opened, the realization that they were naked set in, and shame was felt for the first time. God clothed their shame with the skins of animals, which was the first shedding of blood.
“Then L
ORD
God called to the man, “Where are you?” He replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, so I hid. I was afraid because I was naked.”
Genesis 3:9-10 (NLT)
“And the L
ORD God made clothing from animal skins for Adam and his wife.”
Genesis 3:21 (NLT)
Redemption is also found in the book of Exodus when God brought Israel out of bondage from Egypt. God tells Moses in Exodus 6:6b(NLT), “I will redeem you with a powerful arm and great acts of judgment.” In the King James, it is translated as “outstretched arm.” The idea of God stretching His arms to aid His chosen people in not escaping but fully liberating Israel from slavery is incredible. God is stating here that not only is He all-powerful, but that He has a desire to rescue Israel. When you go to embrace a person, you do not walk up to that individual with your arms hanging by your side; you
open your arms to pull that person into your space. The picture I see when God brought Israel out of the land of Egypt was that He was pulling them into His embrace and into a land He was preparing for them. Once the laws and rules were given to the nation of Israel in the OT, it was understood that sacrifices were made for an atonement of Israel’s sins. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the definition of atonement is “reparation for an offense or injury.” This atonement was not a definitive deliverance from sin, as this sacrifice was performed annually. This is known as the ‘Day of Atonement’ and can be found in Leviticus 16 in detail.
In the NT, redemption takes on a new meaning: It is to be bought out or purchased from bondage and slavery (Harrison 2017, 728). Though it is still a purchase, redemption becomes complete through the blood of Jesus Christ. The cross became the final sacrifice and fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 53:7a, “He was oppressed, and he treated harshly, yet he never said a word. He was led like a lamb to the slaughter.” In the NT, there are a few references to Jesus being the ‘the Lamb of God.’
1.
In John 1:29, John the Baptist stated, “Look! The Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!” Then, further down in that same chapter, John the Baptist made the same stat in verse 36, “Look! There is the Lamb of God!”
2.
In Acts 8:29-39, an Ethiopian servant was reading the scripture from the prophet Isaiah above. Philip, an apostle of Jesus Christ, led by the Holy Spirit to him, explained whom the scripture was speaking of, and the Ethiopian was saved. 3.
In the book of Revelation, there are two primary references to the blood: (1) John (the apostle) wrote of the ones who died for spreading the Word (martyrs) in Revelation 7:13-14, and (2) John wrote of only One being able to open the seals on the scroll in Revelation 5:9-10.
To Summarize:
Old Testament:
1. Sacrifices had to be completed annually and temporary (Leviticus 16; Hebrews 10:1-4);
2. The high priest serving in that office had to sanctify himself and his family before he could offer sacrifices for any other family in Israel (Leviticus 16:6-10), and;
3. Only the priests could enter the temple/tabernacle, and only the high priest could enter the holy of holies (Hebrews 9:6-7). New Testament after Christ gave Himself on the cross as the final sacrifice:
1. No other sacrifice had to be made (Hebrews 10:1-18);
2. He was sinless and thus did not have to sanctify Himself to make intercession for us (1 Peter 2:21-25); and
3. He became the high priest as the veil in the temple was divided (ripped) so that all may enter His presence (Matthew 27:50-51; Mark 15:37-38; Luke 23:44-46).
Works Cited
Whitaker House. 2015. Holy Bible.
King James Version Easy Reader.
Tyndale House. 2015. Holy Bible
. New Living Translation.
E.F. Harrison. “Redeemer, Redemption.” In Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. 3
rd
ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2017, 727–
728.
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “atonement,” accessed September 6, 2023, https://www.merriam –
webster.com/dictionary/atonement.
Works Consulted
R.E.O White. “Salvation.” In Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. 3
rd
ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2017, 768–770.
K.M. Kapic. “Atonement.” In Evangelical Dictionary of Theology.
3
rd
ed. Grand Rapids: Back, 2017, 96 – 100.
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