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Hebrews and the Main Point of the Old Testament
Randi Parrish
Colorado Christian University
BIB-101A
Rev. David Tomme
February 18, 2024
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Refuge (6:18)
Priesthood (6:20-7:14)
Sanctuary (8:1-7)
Sacrifice and Sacrificial System (10:1-18)
They made these offerings to a) have their sins forgiven and to, b) restore their fellowship with God (Leviticus 1-7)
In his letter to the Hebrews, Apostle Paul draws heavily on the Old Testament to remind Jewish readers of how Jesus Christ fulfilled its prophecies and teachings. Specifically, in passages spanning from 6:13 to 10:18, Paul asserts the ways in which Jesus fulfilled Old Testament writings, including his role as a priest in the Abrahamic order and the reference to Melchizedek, the high priest to whom Abraham gave a tithe of his harvest.
Hebrews 6:13-10:18 is replete with references to individuals, locations, concepts, deeds, and themes that are unmistakably drawn from the Old Testament. The text cites iconic figures such as Abraham, Moses, and Melchizedek, as well as the sons of Moses, Aaron, the Son of God, and God Himself. The passage also alludes to the Israelites, the descendants of Abraham, Levi, the Lord, sinners, the Cherubim of Glory, and the high priest. Additionally, the passage sheds light on several locations that are of great significance in the Old Testament, including Israel, Judah, Salem, the Holy Place, the Tabernacle, Egypt, the sanctuary behind the curtain, and the Holy Place. Finally, it touches upon the inner place, above the Ark, and the House of Judah and Israel. The themes, actions, places, and people from Hebrew 6:13-10:18 can be found throughout various genres of Old Testament literature, ranging from narratives to epistles. These
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religious texts were inspired by God and written by the prophets, as stated in the New International Version of 2022.
a). He swore, swears-Genesis 22:16- Narrative b). I will you and multiply you- Genesis 22:17-narrative. c). Saying surely-Genesis 22:17 Narrative d). Having patiently waited to obtain the promise-Exodus-Narrative
e). An Oath is final confirmation-Exodus 22:11-Narrative f). the never-changing character of his purpose-Hebrews 6:18-Epistles; Psalms 110:4-poetry, Proverbs 19:21-wisdom g). He guaranteed it with an oath-Numbers 30:2 Narrative h). enters the inner place-Leviticus 16:15-Narrative i). Melchizedek- Genesis 14:18-20-Narrative j). King of Salem-Psalms 76:2-Poetry k). The Most High God-Numbers 24:16 Narrative l). Abraham returning from slaughter- Genesis 18:14-Narrative m). These descendant-Number 18:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4-5-Narrative n). From Judah-Isaiah 11:1, Micah 5:2-Prophecy
The initial item involves God's promise to Abraham that his descendants will multiply abundantly, like the grains of sand that fill the ocean. This religious narrative highlights God's unwavering commitment to assure Abraham of His promises and to fulfill them as guaranteed. By swearing an oath, God instills faith in Abraham to follow His will (Wright, 2019). The second item is connected to the first, as it reiterates God's promise of blessings to Abraham, despite his old age and lack of children. Finally, the third item delves into the certainty that God imbues in Abraham, assuring him to trust in His blessings and promises, which will extend to future generations. In the religious text and narrative of Genesis 18:9-15 (NIV), God promises to
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provide Abraham with a new homeland and numerous offspring, underscoring His unrelenting efforts to bless Abraham and his descendants.
Abraham faithfully awaited God's promise, and in response, God made an oath of affirmation to fulfill all the promises He had made. God's reassurance to Abraham is depicted throughout the Old Testament, including Exodus 22:11, Proverbs, and Psalms. These depictions demonstrate the unshakable assurance that God gave to Abraham, ultimately fulfilled in the New Testament through the arrival of Jesus Christ. The Levites were the priestly house of Israel appointed to take tithes and bless people as priests. There are various elements concerning the Levites and their role in maintaining holiness. For instance, they were responsible for entering the inner sanctum, or holy place, of the Tabernacle where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. In addition, the Old Testament references found in Psalms, Proverbs, and Exodus, which were touched upon earlier, depict the High Priest Melchizedek blessing Abraham, even though he was not originally from their community.
The initial encounter between Moses and the Israelites in the Bible showcases the Israelites' suffering under Pharaoh's rule. Moses was placed in a river by his mother to save him, and he grew up in the palace as Pharaoh's sister's son. Later, he discovered that he was a Jew and
fled. While in the desert in Median, Moses encountered God, who asked him to go back to Egypt
and save the Israelites (Exodus 3) (NIV). God made a covenant with the Israelites that culminated in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 34:28). After a drought hit Israel during Joseph's time, Egypt became a place of refuge for the Israelites. However, they became slaves after Joseph's death and were only saved when God sent Moses. The Tabernacle served as a religious building and a place to meet God (Exodus 25-31 and 35-40) (NIV). Moses led the Israelites out
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of Egypt and back to Canaan, but it took nearly 40 years in the desert. Unfortunately, Moses never got to see the Promised Land. These concepts and objects are significant in the Old Testament because they demonstrate God's efforts to protect the Israelites as the chosen nation.
The book of Hebrews, as explained by St. Paul, highlights how Jesus fulfills several aspects of the Old Testament. Firstly, Jesus is depicted as a high priest from a priestly lineage like Melchizedek, who blessed Abraham. Similarly, Jesus blesses people as a priest. According to
Hebrews, Jesus is a high priest of a superior covenant established by God, who promised to make a new covenant with the house of Israel and Judah. This new covenant is different from the
old one, as God will write the laws on people's hearts, not their minds. Jesus fulfills this promise by summarizing the Ten Commandments into the Law of Love. Furthermore, Jesus redeems humanity through His death and the shedding of His blood, as seen in Hebrews 9-10. His sacrifice grants salvation to mankind, freeing them from the chains of sin and bondage.
At the heart of Hebrews 6:13-10:18 lies the realization of the Old Testament prophecies through the person of Jesus Christ. St. Paul addresses this letter to the Hebrews or Jews who were skeptical of the Messianic role of Jesus Christ, even to this day. Against this backdrop, Paul
seeks to demonstrate to the Hebrews that, as Jews, they should embrace Jesus Christ as the Messiah sent by God to liberate them. For example, the text emphasizes God's desire for personal communion with His people through Christ and the importance of following the Golden Rule of loving God and neighbor. The text categorically affirms that all the events prophesied in the Old Testament have been fulfilled, as God promised to Abraham and attested through His oaths and guarantees that He would protect His descendants, the people of Israel. The text asserts that Christ's coming aimed
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to inscribe God's laws in people's hearts rather than just their minds. Therefore, people must demonstrate love for one another and accept God's plan of salvation and redemption. The text illustrates that all Old Testament activities are fulfilled through God, who asserts His authority by delivering the people of Israel.
The passage in Hebrews 6:13-10:18 demonstrates the connection between the New and Old Testaments by highlighting that the Old Testament serves as a preparation for Jesus' Gospel. God's faithfulness in keeping His promises is evident in the text through the Israelites' deliverance from oppression in Egypt. The text also provides a contextual foundation for the sacrifices and the extent to which God goes to guarantee the fulfillment of His promises. Ultimately, God fulfills His promises by sending His son, Jesus Christ, as the blood sacrifice for all humanity, including the Israelites, to turn away from evil and escape oppression. Those who trust in God's promises and patiently wait for their fulfillment will be delivered.
Through the text, God conveys that building a new relationship with Him involves inscribing His laws in one's heart, rather than simply the mind. This entails loving God wholeheartedly and loving others as we love ourselves. The Hebrew text explicitly reveals that God takes a keen interest in the affairs of human beings and will always protect those who believe in Him and strive to follow the Golden Rule of love. Loving God requires making sacrifices and being prepared to endure suffering, as exemplified by Jesus and the early prophets who faced persecution. Ultimately, the Hebrew texts urge the Israelites to recognize and accept Jesus as the true Messiah sent by God to redeem all of humankind.
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References
Holy Bible, New International Version. (2022). Zondervan.