PSYC 2305 Exam 2 Review

PSYC 2305, Spring 2022 Instructor: Tanya Smit  Define naturalistic observation/field observation: The researcher makes observation of individuals in their natural environments. Its used commonly in anthropology, animal behavior studies, and social sciences. o Is naturalistic observation primarily quantitative or qualitative? qualitative  What is systematic observation? careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting. o What is a coding system? o What is the possible role of reactivity in systematic observation? can be reduced with concealed presence and by allowing time for people to become accustomed to the observer and equipment.  Define case studies and know the advantages of doing a case study. a observational method that provides a detailed description of an individual  What is archival research? involves using previously compiled info to answer research questions.  Know the three main types of archival research data: o Statistical records: collected by public and private organizations o Survey archives: consists of data and surveys that are stored digitally and available to researchers o Written and mass communication records: documents such as diaries, letters, ethnographies, public documents, discussion board messages, books, tweets, instagram or facebook post, magazine articles, television program and etc.  What is content analysis in the context of archival research? Chapter 7: Asking People about Themselves (Survey Research)  How are surveys useful?  Know the potential issues with survey research. o Response set o Social desirability  Know the three general types of survey questions o Facts and demographic (participant variables) o Behaviors o Attitudes and beliefs  Know the basics of how to word questions on surveys. o Relatively simple questions o Avoid double-barreled questions o Avoid loaded questions o Avoid phrasing questions with negatives  What are “yea-saying” and “nay-saying”? What issues do these response tendencies raise in survey research?  Define close-ended and open-ended questions. What are the advantages of each?  Know the pros and cons of using questionnaires in research.  Know the pros and cons of using interviews in research.