How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional

docx

School

California Baptist University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

350

Subject

Psychology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by LieutenantMusicMink8

1 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Jessica Martinez Department of Psychology, Cerritos College PSYC251-313460-LEC: Developmental Psychology Dr. Alabi 12/11/2022

2 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental Psychological Control: Revisiting a Neglected Construct. Child Development , 67 (6), 3296–3319. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131780 This article makes the case for the need of explicitly concentrating on the idea of parental psychological control of children in socialization research. The meaning of control is when parents invalidate and manipulate a child’s emotional experience. The study had three basic purposes: (1) to show that psychological control could be reliable and measured, (2) to confirm its salience to aspects of youth development and (3) to determine whether psychological control would be associated specifically with youth internalized issues. According to the study, psychological control is a highly important predictor of adolescent problem behaviors. The connections it has with depression and antisocial behavior are important because they are effects of the youth’s position in social strata. Barber concludes that there is still more work to be done on parenting practices; Especially, practices that allow their child to feel validated of their feelings. Chung, S., Zhou, Q., Anicama, C., Rivera, C., & Uchikoshi, Y. (2019). Language Proficiency, Parenting Styles, and Socioemotional Adjustment of Young Dual Language Learners. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 50 (7), 896–914. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1177/0022022119867394 This article focused on dual language learners, which was important to consider since 32% of all children in the US have one parent that speaks a different language, (Chung, 2019). Adding on, the article addresses two types of races: Hispanics and Chinese and how their culture influences their parenting style. It was found that authoritative parenting was associated with children having lower externalizing problems and higher

3 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood prosocial behavior. The article also discussed how having a parent that does not speak the same language as their child effects the relationship. If children cannot communicate with their parents, they will not be able to form that bond and parents will not understand how their child can express themselves. The result of this is children will struggle when trying to form relationships with their peers and may develop anxiety. Elizabeth M Westrupp, Jacqui A Macdonald, Clair Bennett, Sophie Havighurst, Christiane E Kehoe, Denise Foley, Tomer S Berkowitz, Gabriella Louise King, & George J Youssef. (2020). The Child and Parent Emotion Study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parent emotion socialisation and child socioemotional development. BMJ Open , 10 (10). https://doi-org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038124 Emotion competence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, effectively regulate, and manage the expression of emotions. These skills are foundational and underpin lifelong well-being and mental health; By determining our ability to form/maintain relationships, manage conflict, and navigate the challenges of daily life. Difficulties with emotion regulation are linked to child internalizing and externalizing problems, to peer rejection, anti-social behavior, and suicide risk. These associations are known to persist into later life, where adults with poor self-regulation are more likely to have mental health problems. Measures include validated parent-report tools assessing parent emotion socialization ( i.e. parent beliefs, the family emotional climate and parent emotion regulation) and age-sensitive measures of child outcome ( i.e. emotion regulation and socioemotional adjustment).

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

4 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Gallagher, K. C. (2002). Does child temperament moderate the influence of parenting on adjustment?Â Developmental Review ,Â 22 (4), 623â€“643. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273- 2297(02)00503-8Â Gallagher explains in her article that results of child adjustment are tangentially correlated with parental socialization and child temperament. The main effect models have produced useful data, but they are unable to explain the mechanisms through which adjustment takes place. It is argued that parental influences on a child's adjustment are tempered by the behavioral traits of the child. One of the findings demonstrated that when children are more difficult and are not able to manage their emotional experience, it is associated with negative parenting. However, parents feel the need to set boundaries and choose harsh parenting styles to ‘control’ their child. Gallagher suggests the best way to handle child temperament is for parents to spend time with their child and recognize their emotions and behavior. Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. M. P., IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans, K. M. J., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment in the Early Life Course: Meta-Analytic Evidence for Its Role in Socioemotional Development. Child Development Perspectives , 11 (1), 70–76. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1111/cdep.12213 Questions arise on the topic of attachment theory and if there is any evidence that can support claims brought up by the theory. One of the claims that is brought up is whether attachment early on in a child's life can have positive or negative changes throughout their young life. Attachment theory is the theory that humans are born with a need to form a close emotional bond with a caregiver. Experiences in a child’s life contains

5 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood insensitivity and sensitivity, which can change a child perception of themselves, other people, and changes in their own development. Adding on, the theory makes a claim that a child’s early bond can be determined through their own individual characteristics that can decided the best socioemotional outcome. Now meta-analysis came up with evidence to support the claim that attachment security is not associated with a child’s temperament, but it can have a long-term effect on a child’s socioemotional development. Lionetti, F., Aron, E. N., Aron, A., Klein, D. N., & Pluess, M. (2019). Observer-Rated Environmental Sensitivity Moderates Children’s Response to Parenting Quality in Early Childhood. Developmental Psychology , 55 (11), 2389–2402. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1037/dev0000795 Parental care influences a child's socioemotional and cognitive development; it is one of the most powerful, reliable, and consistent indicators of a child development. Some children are more sensitive to their surroundings than others and according to a few developmental theories most of the empirical data to support these beliefs is based on distant markers of sensitivity. This study offers proof that environmental sensitivity can moderate the impact of parenting on young children's development, based on behaviorally obscured environmental sensitivity. The research implies that due to individual variations in sensitivity, not all children are equally sensitive to the effect of environmental quality. Some being more vulnerable to adversity, but also more likely to thrive when exposed to favorable environmental conditions. Furthermore, psychometrically does not entirely overlap with other temperamental qualities associated

6 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood to sensitivity, and strongly moderates both good and bad parenting practices in the prediction of developmental outcomes. Marquis, B. C., Bernier, A., Cimon, P. C., & Sirois, M. (2022). Trajectory of quality of mother‐ child interactions: Prospective links with child socioemotional functioning. Social Development , 1. https://doi-org.cerritoscoll.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/sode.12644 Marquis demonstrates that in his research the quality of mother child interactions is an important factor of child socioemotional development. The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectory of the quality of mother-child interactions between the ages two through seven. Along with the connection between individual differences in this trajectory and socioemotional development in children by the age of eight. The results showed that children who experience lower quality time displayed less internalizing behavior. Whereas children who experience higher quality time showed more prosocial and less externalizing behavior. Overall, this study is evidence that parent-child relationships are crucial for socioemotional development in early life. Marusak, H. A., Thomason, M. E., Sala, hamrick, K., Crespo, L., & Rabinak, C. A. (2018). What’s parenting got to do with it: emotional autonomy and brain and behavioral responses to emotional conflict in children and adolescents. Developmental Science , 21 (4), 1. https://doi-org.cerritoscoll.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/desc.12605 The Wiley Developmental Science Journal article looks at the two dimensions of parenting and how they may affect child development. The first dimension is care which is the warm/affection on one end and indifferent/rejection on the other. Another dimension is psychological control, marked as overprotection/intrusion on one end and

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

7 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood encouragement/independence on the other. For instance, a parent with strong psychological control might criticize a child's attempt to solve difficulties and take charge if the child tries to start his/her own ideas. When exposed to emotional conflict they discovered that children who perceive higher levels of parental control give quicker, but less accurate answers and have lower involvement of brain areas involved in emotion conflict processing. These results support the idea that perceived parental psychological overprotection, during the adolescent transition may restrict a child's emotional autonomy and capacity to manage challenging social emotional interactions. Nazemi-Harandi, A., Jazayeri, S., & Saberi, H. (2022). Predicting Children’s Socioemotional Problems Based on Parenting Styles With the Mediating Role of Social Support . Arak Medical University Journal , 25 (1), 72–87. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.32598/JAMS.25.1.6618.1 In this article, Nazemi-Harandi, explains that emotional and social problems are top two issues of mental illness. The study aimed to provide a model for predicting children psychological problems based on parenting styles. The research was a cross-sectional analytic study that composed of 230 people that answered parenting styles, social support, and social emotional problem questionnaires. This study showed that parenting styles have a major role in assuming a child’s social emotional problems. Adding on, the results emphasize the critical role of early childhood and suggested the need to focus on supporting mother-child interactions at this age. This was an interesting finding because most articles address that both parent relationships are important; However, Nazemi- Harandi only emphasizes the importance of the mother and child relationships.

8 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood Razza, R. A., Martin, A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2012). Anger and Children’s Socioemotional Development: Can Parenting Elicit a Positive Side to a Negative Emotion? Journal of Child and Family Studies , 21 (5), 845–856. In predicting children social-emotional development, this study looked at the effect of child anger and how it interacts with maternal affection. Researchers suggest that negative emotionality is a key factor to parental perceptions of child ‘difficulty’, (Razza, 1989). Adding on, it's an important risk factor for social emotional development. The study had shown that anger infancy is normal, despite how the parents are. However, it was shown that children with affectionate parents were able to control their child’s anger, whereas angry children with less affectionate parents could not. An interesting finding is higher anger children perform better on delay of gratifications when they had their mothers who were high in affection and warmth. This article brings a new insight on how anger plays a role in a child’s emotional development depending on the parenting styles. Sahithya, B. R., Manohari, S. M., & Vijaya, R. (2019). Parenting styles and its impact on children – a cross cultural review with a focus on India. Mental Health, Religion & Culture , 22 (4), 357–383. https://doi- org.cerritoscoll.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1594178 Sahithya, conducted research that investigates association between parenting styles and child outcome. Though the study was conducted in India, the effect of parenting styles on children is similar across any culture. The author explains that in our society the mother is usually seen as a caregiver and the father is the main income with little involvement with their child. Therefore, the mother is viewed as more authoritative and permissive.

9 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood On the other hand, fathers are normally viewed as the authoritarian parent. The research explained that authoritative parenting styles had better outcomes than uninvolved and authoritarian parenting. Overall parenting is a difficult task that affects the child's development in many areas including self-esteem social academic and mental health. Speyer, L. G., Hang, Y., Hall, H. A., & Murray, A. L. (2022). The role of harsh parenting practices in early‐ to middle‐childhood socioemotional development: An examination in the millennium cohort study. Child Development , 93 (5), 1304–1317. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1111/cdev.13761 Patterson’s coercion model investigates how harsh parenting methods, which are primarily reported by mother's effect children's development of behavioral issues, hyperactive behaviors, and emotional issues. The article advocates for the importance of dealing with parental concerns in households where children display social emotional challenges to help prevent the escalation of additional problems. One factor that has been associated with social emotional difficulties is harsh parenting which included both verbal and physical punishment. Furthermore, this study found that harsh parenting takes a toll on a child's mental health, and they can even suffer from depression in the future. Lastly, Spencer suggests that more attention should be paid to public health campaigns that can inform parents on the potential harmful effects of harsh parenting. Yerkes, M. A., Hopman, M., Stok, F. M., & De Wit, J. (2021). In the best interests of children? The paradox of intensive parenting and children’s health. Critical Public Health , 31 (3), 349–360. https://doi-org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1080/09581596.2019.1690632

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

10 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood The Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science implies that family environment and parental guidance are the main factors of a child's emotional being. When there is a positive relationship between the child and parent, the child will be happier and confident. The proper approach in intensive parenting is defined as ‘child centered expert guided emotionally absorbing labor intensive and financially expensive’, (Yerkes, 2021). Adding on, the author suggested that parents must learn to recognize their child's emotional cues, so that they may identify their emotions. Children that have been helped in social emotional skills are taught to solve their own problems, to see other perspectives and make compromises. Furthermore, these skills must be practiced, and parents can support children in putting their skills into action, (Yerkes, 2021). Zarra, N. M., Kiuru, N., Aunola, K., Zarra, N. M., Ahonen, T., Poikkeus, A., Lerkkanen, M., & Nurmi, J. (2014). Social withdrawal in children moderates the association between parenting styles and the children’s own socioemotional development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 55 (11), 1260–1269. https://doi- org.libproxy.calbaptist.edu/10.1111/jcpp.12251 The Journal of Child Psychology and Physiatry examined the combined effects of children's social withdrawal and parenting styles on children's socioemotional development. The panel analysis showed that children who demonstrated signs of social withdrawal were connected to the negative effects of low maternal affection. It should be noted that the study examined the parent psychological control, which resulted that even if a child showed positive effects of prosocial skills they were also associated with an increase of their internalizing problems. This is an interesting finding because children

11 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood who show positive effects of pro social skills seem to be at risk of pleasing their parents over themselves. Adding on, the study discussed three parental styles dimensions: affection, behavior control, and psychological control that are associated with children's socioemotional development. A parent’s behavioral control such as disciplines, setting limits, and demanding maturity predicts adaptive child development and low levels of externalizing problem behavior. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that there are many styles and techniques parents can use and each style can have different effect on a child's socioemotional development. Zarra-Nezhad, M., Viljaranta, J., Sajaniemi, N., Aunola, K., & Lerkkanen, M.-K. (2022). The Impact of Children’s Socioemotional Development on Parenting Styles: The Moderating Effect of Social Withdrawal. Early Child Development and Care , 192 (7), 1032–1044 It is commonly recognized that parenting has a significant impact on how children behave and develop their socioemotional skills. The research in this study emphasized connections between children's socioemotional development, parenting styles, and the moderating role of children's social withdrawal. It was found that prosocial behavior would discover to be correlated with high levels of affection from both parents. Whereas parents who showed low level of affection resulted in their children experiencing social withdrawals. Social withdrawals usually come from social fear as well as internal factors, such as anxiety, negative self-esteem, and self-perceived difficulties in social skills /relationships. This article is evidence that the way children form relationships and develop their social skills is affected by their relationship with their parent.

12 How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

How Does Parenting Styles Effect Socioemotional

Related Documents