Critical Reflection Paper One_ Universalizability & Generalizability (1)

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1 Critical Reflection Paper One: Universalizability & Generalizability Shannon Cheeseman 1179997 University of Guelph PSYC* 3000: Historical and Critical Perspectives on Psychology Professor Angélica Nascimento de Oliveira September 27th, 2023

2 The readings from the previous week have encouraged me to dig deeper into historical psychology perspectives on a deeper level. However, I sometimes needed clarification on the readings. I found it challenging to understand the depth of each reading and how it relates to a historical perspective. When I continued reading each chapter for each day, I needed clarification about what I was reading. Nevertheless, when we discussed the weekly readings in our group, I had significant improvement of knowledge through conversations. Debating on a deep level with my peers brought my confusion into clarity. Going to each class also helped me gain more knowledge on each topic because the summaries of the readings were discussed before heading into our groups. This reflection explores the impact of outdated training on psychology research, comparing it to vaccine testing, emphasizing the need for diversity and proposing a solution. Hearing my group's views on the readings taught me to look at each reading differently than I'd ever thought. Something that stood out for me was generalization. Generalization is crucial for psychology research as it allows for meaningful and applicable conclusions about human behaviour across different contexts. However, the effectiveness of this process depends on the diversity and representativeness of the study's sample. Similarly, vaccine trials aim to produce universally applicable results for diverse populations. Focusing on homogenous models in psychology research can limit the scope and applicability of findings, as it may overlook crucial differences in how different groups respond to the vaccine. The second thing I wanted to reflect on was the challenges in diversifying research samples. Diverse samples are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of human behaviour. This topic is essential for history itself, as well as it is for psychology. One challenge that diversifying research samples includes is the need for more research links and networks with

3 diverse participant pools. This understanding shows little information was gathered based on cultural experiments or tests. Another reason why it is hard to collect various samples is because of language and cultural barriers. This can hinder effective communication and recruitment of participants from diverse backgrounds. Nevertheless, there are a few ways that can deal with these issues. One way to help this issue is that journal editors should be required to provide explicit information about the participants and include detailed demographic, cultural, and socioeconomic data. Lastly, researchers should conduct large-scale comparative experiments on important physiological and behavioural variables for more diverse communities. I also want to reflect on a general view of history through psychology and the problems of writing history, presented in week 1, Goodwin, C.J. (2015) Chapter 1: Introducing Psychology's History. In this reading, Goodwin discusses, "The purpose of the history of psychology is to legitimize and even to glorify present-day psychology and to show how it has progressed from the murky depths of its unscientific past to its modern scientific eminence (Goodwin, 2015)." This stood out because I never viewed history as an unscientific past and focused on contemporary scientific eminence. It's interesting to view history as its past and not present. I've always looked at history through historiography. Although it may be easy to look at history as its past, it must also be more evident when reviewing the decisions and beliefs presented back then. Historians are humans who can make their interpretations of the data seem to be based on their premises, theories and the biases that an individual may have. Through discussion, it is shown that psychologists' perspectives can be on scientific reasoning or their ideas.

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4 To conclude, despite challenges from readings, connecting with peers and engaging in meaningful conversations increased my knowledge about historical psychology. This experience changed my perspective on the importance of historical psychology in class, providing valuable insights for future endeavors. Embracing diversity is essential for robust and meaningful research as well as generalization to history and the crucial ways it can be fixed for future research. The knowledge gained from classmates has been crucial for our principal and future endeavors, demonstrating the importance of understanding history in our field.

5 References Benjafield, J. G. (2012).Psychology: A Concise History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Goodwin, C.J. (2015) Chapter 1: Introducing Psychology’s History Henrich et al. (2010): WEIRDest People in the World Henrich et al. (2010): WEIRDest People in the World

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