Psy100 笔记

docx

School

University of Toronto *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

LEC0101

Subject

Psychology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

4

Uploaded by ProfessorMoonStingray31

Report
Law of effect responses that lead to desirable results are repeated while those that produce undesirable ones are not learning any relatively permanent change in behavior that can be attributed to experience observational learning acquiring information on how to perform new behaviors by watching others primary reinforcer something that has inherent reward because it satisfies biological needs classical conditioning a form of learning in which reflex responses are associated with new stimuli cognitive map a mental representation of the environment reflex an innate, automatic response to a stimulus reinforcement
any event that increases the probability that a particular response will occur schedule of reinforcement protocol for determining when and how often responses will be rewarded secondary reinforcer reward that organisms learn to like shaping reinforcement of increasingly close approximations of a desired response 塑造 强化越来越 越来越接近期望的反应 spontaneous recovery reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction 自发恢复 已学会的反应在明显消退后重新出现 discrimination learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli 辨别力 学会对类似刺激做出不同反应的能力 generalization tendency to respond to stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus 泛化
对刺激做出反应的倾向 与条件刺激相似 systematic desensitization method of reducing fear by gradually exposing people to the object of their fear 系统脱敏 通过让人们逐渐接触恐惧对象来减少恐惧的方法 token economy behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers 代币经济 行为矫正 预期行为可获得物品，这些物品可用于交换正强化物 Topher has a gambling problem and needs help before he loses all of his savings to casinos. He goes to his psychologist who suggests aversion therapy. Throughout the next few weeks, the psychologist will show Topher images of gambling while administering small, but painful shocks. Eventually the psychologist hopes Topher will turn away from gambling by associating it with discomfort. While walking through the park with his mom, Al heard a startlingly loud noise when a dog ran past him. Al was so frightened he began to cry. Now he is afraid anytime he sees a similar dog. Al's negative learned response to dogs demonstrates classical conditioning. Once Kremlin started to drive, he had a hard time figuring out which highways went to which towns in his neighborhood. But after a month of driving around these highways without directions, he could navigate the local highways with ease. Kremlin was able to build a cognitive map to navigate his neighborhood. Every time Lance does his homework well, his mom gives him an ice cream treat. The treat his mom gives, each and every time, encourages Lance to always try and do his homework well. His mom's constant encouragement is an example of continuous reinforcement.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help
Sakai works at a retail store near to her home. The every-other-week paycheck she receives in the mail rewards her on a fixed interval schedule. Marsha, a veteran auto salesperson, receives a $100 bonus for every 5 cars she sells. Her cash bonus reward occurs on a fixed ratio schedule. Hans' math teacher taught the class a new concept in calculus today. Hans didn't do his homework for this new lesson and didn't study for the upcoming exam all week. When the time came to finally take the calculus exam, Hans did superbly; he must have really learned the concepts on the first day of the lesson. Hans' ability to do well on the calculus exam after not having studied is due to latent learning. Maria watched as her older brother Mavin burned his finger on a flame when lighting a candle. She heard him scream and quickly pull his finger away to put under cold water. Through observational learning, Maria now knows not to touch a flame directly When Chris first taught his dog Fluffy to sit, he used a treat every time Fluffy sat on command. Later on, Chris used vocal rewards, such as "good dog!" Because the treat has innate nutritional, or biological, value to the dog, the treat in this scenario represents the primary reinforcer. You set out to condition a rat to press on a bar. You reward the rat with a pellet of food every time it gets near the bar mounted on the wall of its cage. Next you give a pellet to the rat when it touches the bar, thus completing your goal. Teaching the rat to press the bar for food by giving it a reward every time it gets close is an example of shaping. 4-year old Cyd is terrified of balloons. To help Cyd feel more at ease around balloons, her mother gives her a juice box to sip from each time she maneuvers a bright red balloon nearer to where Cyd is seated. Her mom does over a few days until Cyd is able to hold the balloon string without being afraid. Cyd's mother is using systematic desensitization to help Cyd overcome her fear of balloons. Seabiscuit's trainer got him to start fast by hearing the ring of a bell in preparation for his famous race against War Admiral. First, however, he paired the bell tone to the cracking of a whip near Seabiscuit's haunches. Seabiscuit's bolting in response to the cracked whip is the unconditioned response. 海饼干（ Seabiscuit ）的驯马师在准 备与 " 战将 " （ War Admiral ）的著名比赛时，通过听到铃声让它快速起跑。 不过，他首先将铃声 与海饼干腰部附近的鞭子抽打声搭配起来。 海饼干对响鞭的反应是无条件反应。 operant conditioning learning based on the positive or negative consequences of responding ]

Related Documents

Personal Health Portfolio - Maisuriya, Sneha (1).pdf
Document23.pdf
abc.pdf
Psychological Research (1).docx
Discussion-5.docx
PSYC 3290 - LAB ASSIGNMENT 3 - ANOVA 1.docx
Discussion-9.docx
Critical Reflection Paper Three_ Schools of Psychology, Part 2.pdf
Objective 9 and 10 Application Test.docx
Week 4 Discussion-Conditioning.docx
Chapter Reflection 4.docx
Critical Reflection Paper One_ Universalizability & Generalizability (1).pdf
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Text book image
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Text book image
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Browse Popular Homework Q&A

Q: What forces drive solutes from one side of the membrane to the other? • What solute properties…
Q: Contribution Margin Review the contribution margin income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and…
Q: Determine the molecular formula of a compound that has a molar mass of 183.2 g/mol and an empirical…
Q: What is the geometric structure for the following: SF4…
Q: Which of the following is unlikely to affect the rate of economic growth? O 1) the quality of…
Q: #Solve the following IVP x= x+y y = -6x+6y y(0)=18 Then find x(0.25) to at least the nearest…
Q: • The reactance (Xc) of a capacitor connected to a DC supply voltage will be, It varies with current…
Q: Find dy/dx if y = x In(x). Answer:
Q: The Hills County, Michigan, superintendent of education is responsible for assigning students to the…
Q: Let X be a random variable that is approximately normal. A random sample of size n = 16 is taken.…
Q: Determine whether the sum ∞ n=1 (In(n)) ¹2 n9/8 converges or diverges, and explain why.
Q: Part 1 - Estimate the mean price of regular gasoline in the Dayton area by taking a sample.  What…
Q: Find the interval of convergence of the power series 12 en (x - 2)".
Q: A deposit of $5000 earns 3% annual interest. Find the amount in the account at the end of 5 years…
Q: A manager's ability to compare and understand the results of performance analyses depends on the…
Q: The conjugate base of HSO 4 - is     SO 4 2-.     HSO 4.     H 2SO 4.     H 2SO 4 -.
Q: Independent random samples were selected from two quantitative populations, with sample sizes,…
Q: 9+ 5+ 8. 7. h(x) 6. 4- 3- 9(x) 1 1 2 3. x-values 4 1 3. X-values 4. g(x) If f(x) = h(x) then %3D…
Q: urrent Attempt in Progress The drawing shows three objects. They are connected by strings that pass…
Q: Given that f(x) = 9x - 7 and g(x) = 3 - x, calculate %3D (a) f(9(0)) = %3D (b) g(f(0)) = N Vid e 2 V…
Q: Graph the circle given below by moving the key points: To graph the circle, drag the center point to…
Q: OH PBr3 Et₂0 Nal NaBH4 EtOH CH₂SO₂CI pyridine Mg THF HO OH Et₂0 H₂SO4 80 °C
Q: wo spº hybridized carbons. Express your answer as a α ΑΣΦ B Y V CH₂CH₂ H A chemical reaction doe…
Q: on an alien world, they measure distance in fleeps and time in florps. If 1.6 fleep= 1 m and 5.2…
Q: military legacies of the Korean War