ANTHRO1022-Lab 1 Response Template (2)

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ANTHRO1025

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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ANTHRO 1022A: LAB 1 – Response Template Student Name: Remember to submit this template as a Word Document (do not convert to Pages or PDF). Worksheet – Identifying ‘Culture’ in non-human species, Case Studies I this lab you will be watching video ‘Case Studies’ of animal behaviour and answering specific questions that will help you to determine whether these traits could be considered to be ‘cultural’. Please use the following table to record your answers to the three questions: Case study 1 - Beavers building a dam Case study 2 - Chimpanzee grooming behaviour Case study 3 - Chimpanzee spear hunting Case Study 1 Yes/No Case Study 2 Yes/No Case Study 3 Yes/No Does variation in behaviour exist between populations? No Yes Yes Is there evidence that the observed behaviour is socially transmitted? Yes Yes Yes Do different environments provide the same potential for behavioural differences to be expressed? No Yes Yes On the basis of current evidence, could we consider this behavior to be ‘cultural’? No Yes Yes Part 1: Identify a ‘cultural’ trait • Culture can be considered very simply as ‘the way we do things’. In this simple definition, ‘we’ could be any group of people: a family, a group of friends, a club or sports team, fans of something or someone, a religion, or any other group of people that share some common aspect of identity. The term ‘way’ refers to ‘do things’, and it

implies that the group shares some common aspects of behaviour or terminology within the group. • Think of any social group within which you identify and think of an aspect of ‘culture’ that is shared within that group (that people from outside of the group might not understand). • Write a short description, in the form of a tweet (no more than 280 characters), describing the ‘cultural’ trait that you share with the group of your choice Part 1 Response: The group of students belonging to the science faculty at Western University make a “yip” sound at students from other faculties. Part 2: Social transmission of cultural traits • Think about the method of transmission of the trait you described and answer the following questions. You may wish to record your answers on scrap paper or in another file as they will help you in preparing your response below. Who did you learn it from? Was it from your friends or others in a peer group? Your parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents? Did you learn this from an unrelated adult such as a teacher or instructor? Or, did you learn this through another source, such as the media, social media, or television? • Was language necessary in transmission (either spoken or written)? • Is technology necessary for the expression of this trait? • Write a short description (no more than 150 words), describing the process of cultural learning involved in the trait, and reflecting on whether the trait differs in any significant ways from traits you observed in non-human primates. Part 2 Response: This trait is taught to freshmen by their science sophs during Orientation week. While orientation week is much shorter than the development period of a non-human primate, the two can be compared because it is when the students, like the primates, are offered the most guidance and instruction from older members of their communities. To teach the new students how to properly yip, the sophs first demonstrated it to them while they sat in a small group, and the freshmen practiced doing it out loud. This required use of the English language, as well as the yip sound. Later in the week, the freshmen observed the sophs doing the yipping sound at other students, and then got to try it out themselves, during the closing ceremonies. This resembles the way that the young chimpanzees observed their mothers hunting bush babies with spears before they attempted it on their own.

Grading Rubric • Please do not delete this rubric. The TAs will use this rubric to grade your discussion activity. • The discussion activity will be graded out of 10 marks. Yes No (0 marks) Total Part 1 – Identification of a ‘cultural’ trait. 3 marks – the trait is clearly described and fulfils the definition of a ‘cultural’ trait: it is shared within a social group, is socially transmitted. A non-cultural (universal) trait is identified, or it is not socially transmitted 3 1 mark – The tweet is concise and clearly written, includes all expected elements 0.5 – the tweet is somewhat unclear 0 – unclear expression 1 Part 2 – social transmission and reflection 2 marks – a clear source of transmission is identified, and the role of language in social transmission is discussed Modes of transmission are not identified 2 3 marks – a comparison to non-human cultural traits is made, and differences or similarities are clearly described and articulated 1-2 marks – a comparison is made but specific differences or similarities are ineffectively articulated. 0 – no comparison is made between your cultural trait and the observed non-human traits 3 1 mark – The text is clearly and well written 0.5 – the text is somewhat clearly written 0 – unclear expression

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