Chapter 3 Psych 170 Review Questions

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Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research Chapter 3: Sex Research 1. Which of the following is NOT a common way that sex research techniques vary? a. In how sexuality is measured b. Whether the assessment is in the laboratory or the field c. In how many people are assessed d. Whether a certain race is excluded 2. When beginning a study, the first thing that sex researchers do is decide: a. how big of a sample they should study. b. whether to include special populations within their sample. c. how to measure the particular aspect of sexuality that they want to study. d. whether they need to obtain informed consent from participants in their study. 3. Which of the following is NOT a common method of gathering self-report data? a. Laboratories b. Interviews c. Questionnaires d. Online surveys 4. What is measured in implicit assessments such as the IAT? a. Emotions and arousal b. Strength of conditioning c. Personality traits d. Reaction time between stimuli 5. Which is an important variance in how sex research is conducted? a. Whether or not an attempt is made to manipulate sexuality in an experiment b. Whether or not homosexuals are assessed c. Whether or not it is done in a certain part of the United States d. Whether or not women are included as part of the sample Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 6. Which of the following is NOT a common way in which sexuality is measured? a. Unconscious measures b. Biological measures

c. Implicit measures d. Behavioral measures 7. Which is the most common methodology used to study sexuality? a. Self-reports b. Case studies c. Behavioral measures d. Implicit measures 8. Which of the following sex researchers pioneered the biological measurement of the sex response? a. Freud b. Mead and Malinowski c. Kinsey d. Masters and Johnson 9. Watching and analyzing how close a couple sits next to each other on a bench would be an example of: a. self-report research. b. clinical research. c. direct observation. d. survey research. 10.When researchers want to study people who are guilty of sex crimes, knowing that they cannot study 100 percent of people who have committed such a crime, what would they look for? a. A group A-B sample b. A sample c. A population d. A random cohort 11. Which test is used to measure implicit stereotypes? a. IAT b. Myers-Briggs c. TAT d. MMPI Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 12.Which of the following is NOT a common way that sex research techniques vary? a. In how many people are assessed b. Whether the assessment is in the laboratory or the field

c. Whether a certain race is excluded d. In how sexuality is measured 13.If a sample consists only of people with certain characteristics (i.e. those willing to have sex in front of researchers) what can be said about the results? a. They will be true for a majority of the population. b. They will only be true for people with those certain characteristics . c. If the margin of error is less than 2 percent, then we can say the results are true for everyone. d. They will be true for the entire population. 14.Which of the following is/are LEAST likely to be "purposefully distorted" in sex research?: a. Extramarital affairs b. Homosexual experimentation c. Age and gender d. Sexual activity 15.Which of the following is NOT a biological measure of the sexual response? a. Vaginal photoplethysmograph b. MRI and fMRI imaging c. IAT d. Pupil dilation 16.When two identical tests are taken by a participant and the answers are compared, what is being assessed? a. Sample b. Bias c. Validity d. Reliability Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 17.Which term refers to the group of people a researcher is interested in studying? a. Sample b. Random sample c. Population d. Probability 18.When a computer will adjust the questions it asks based on previous answers during an interview, what kind of method is being used? a. MMPI self-interview

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b. Computer-assisted self-interview c. Computer-generated smart mapper d. Cognition prediction software 19.A random sample must be a sample collected in a(n): a. fast way. b. computerized way. c. unbiased way. d. biased way. 20.What is it called when each member of the population has a known probability of being included in the sample? a. Probability sampling b. Representative sampling c. Population sampling d. Equality sampling 21.Which term is used in the text to refer to a variable that might influence the results of research, beyond those variables considered by the researcher? a. Interdependent factors b. Extraneous factors c. Random factors d. Superfluous factors Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 22.A male with a 6-inch penis is taking a self-report survey. There is a question asking for his penis size, and he answers with 7–9 inches. Which of the following problems in sex research does this describe? a. Purposeful distortion b. Volunteer bias c. Convenience sampling d. Probability sampling 23.As part of informed consent, once a study begins, participants always reserve the right to:: a. leave at any time. b. record the event on their cell phones. c. bring friends into the experiment. d. ask for double their money. 24.What is being measured when participants are given a second

interview/questionnaire to assess whether or not the results are the same as the first one? a. Test-retest validity b. Criterion validity c. Test-retest reliability d. Criterion reliability 25.By which method have all of the major sex surveys collected data? a. Biological measurements b. Questionnaires and interviews c. Direct observation d. Implicit association tests 26.When CASI is used, what tends to happen to the responses during an interview? a. They become more honest. b. There is no change in responses. c. They become more distorted. d. There is no change in honesty, but the answers become longer and more detailed. Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 27.All of the people studied in the published versions of Kinsey's first two famous research books had which of the following characteristics? a. They were college students. b. They were prostitutes. c. They were homosexuals. d. They were White. 28.After the Kinsey report, what was needed to help better understand the sexual behaviors of Americans? a. A selective survey relying on behavioral observations b. A large-scale survey using probability sampling methods c. A replication of Kinsey's methods with a modern population d. Study of a convenience sample of groups that had been left out 29.Which of the following is an extraneous factor that may influence the outcome of sex research? a. Informed consent b. Test-retest reliability c. Sampling d. Question wording.

30.Before a research study begins, participants have the right to be told what they will be asked to do and what the purpose of the study is. This process of telling participants about the research in advance is called: a. justice preambles. b. debriefing. c. informed consent. d. internal validity. 31.The most recent major national U.S. sex survey is the: a. NHSLS b. The Natsal c. Kinsey Report d. NSSHB Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 32.What is considered the best known or most famous sex study ever done? a. Kinsey Report b. National Health and Social Life Study c. Freud's thesis on sexuality d. National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior 33.Compared to the American sex surveys (the NSSHB and the NHSLS), the sample for the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) was a. about the same. b. much larger. c. much smaller. d. equivalent. 34.What were Kinsey's most important works in human sexuality? a. Advanced Animal Behavior in Primates and Advanced Animal Behavior in Amphibians b. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female c. Psychology of Sexual Behavior Volume I and II d. Principles of Psychology Volume I and II 35.Much of the research in psychology has been conducted with college students, and these samples tend to be: a. more diverse than the population at large. b. ethnically diverse and economically privileged. c. lower class and White. d. White and middle class.

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36.Which large-scale national survey of Americans' patterns of sexual behavior was conducted in 1994 and is considered one of the best sex surveys of the general population of the United States today? a. The Kinsey Report b. The NHSLS c. The Natsal d. The ASHR Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 37.To obtain a random sample of highly sexually active gay and bisexual men in New York City, upon which of the following recruitment strategies did the Grov study depend? a. Positioning survey takers on city streets to encourage further participation b. Asking participants to nominate other eligible participants c. Papering New York City colleges and universities with flyers d. Active recruitment in city venues such as gay bars and gay community events e. Random phone calls and mailings f. E-mails to New York City gay sex party listservs g. Internet advertisements on social and sexual networking sites 38.Which term is used in the text to refer to a variable that might influence the results of research, beyond those variables considered by the researcher? a. Interdependent factors b. Extraneous factors c. Superfluous factors d. Random factors 39.As compared to traditional interview or questionnaire studies, web-based sex surveys: a. are not subject to ethics guidelines. b. can recruit much larger samples. c. eliminate the inaccuracies of self-reporting. d. totally eliminate the problem of nonresponse. 40.Which of the following aspects of the NSSHB corrected a limitation of the NHSLS? a. It collected data for a larger age group. b. It used interview techniques only. c. It complied strictly with ethical guidelines. d. It used probability sampling.

Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 41.For a subsample of respondents, the Natsal researchers: a. failed to receive informed consent, which has clouded their research findings. b. used interview techniques to gather data. c. engaged in extensive behavioral observation over a period of many years. d. collected biological samples to test for STIs and testosterone. 42.A content analysis is a: a. study in which the researcher does not manipulate variables but studies naturally occurring relationships. b. collection of holistic methods in which the results are conveyed in numbers. c. set of procedures used to make valid inferences about text. d. research method used to provide a description of a human group or society. 43.Which of the following is NOT an approach that should be considered when taking ethnicity into account in research on sexual behavior? a. If there are differences, what aspects of culture account for those differences? b. What can we learn from an in-depth study of a single ethnic minority group? c. How can researchers be made blind to the ethnic heritage and skin color of respondents? d. Are there similarities across ethnic groups, or are there differences between ethnic groups? 44.What type of research is being done when responses are given numerical values? a. Qualitative research b. Quantitative research c. Descriptive research d. Experimental research Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 45.Methodologically, the Grov researchers took on which two difficult issues in sex research of special populations? a. Meta analysis and the cost-benefit approach

b. Informed consent and the use of the Internet c. Accuracy of self-reports and sampling d. Data collection and participant-observer techniques 46.A study that uses a survey to measure a set of variables to see if they are related to each other is: a. qualitative. b. invalid. c. experimental. d. correlational. 47.Which of the following are advantages of web-based surveys? a. Complete lack of any bias b. Broader samples c. Elimination of extraneous influences on responding d. Better access to previously understudied populations e. Researcher control over the environment 48.Which area is most often analyzed using content analysis? a. Religion b. Journal articles c. The media d. Friendships and relationships 49.What kind of inference can be made if it is determined that the independent variable directly influences the dependent variable? a. Qualitative inference b. Correlational inference c. Causal inference d. Dependent inference Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 50.If people are asked to rate their attitudes on gay marriage from a scale of 1 to 7, the research is: a. homophobic. b. descriptive. c. quantitative. d. behavioral. 51.True or false: Meta-analysis is the gold standard for research in many fields. a. True

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b. False 52.As compared to traditional interview or questionnaire studies, web-based sex surveys: a. eliminate the inaccuracies of self-reporting. b. are not subject to ethics guidelines. c. totally eliminate the problem of nonresponse. d. can recruit much larger samples. 53.What is the mean of 10, 20, and 30? a. 30 b. 60 c. 20 d. 50 54.The type of research that involves the systematic manipulation of individuals or the environment to learn the effects of that manipulation is known as: a. survey research. b. a case study. c. experimental research. d. observational research. 55.What other statistical factor is important in research, other than knowing the average? a. The ethnicity of the interviewers b. The variability of the results c. The computer software processing the results d. The emotional state of the participants Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 56.Which of the following research types elicits a causal inference? a. Laboratory experiment b. Direct observation c. Self-report survey d. Face-to-face interview 57.In statistics, is "normal" synonymous with "average"? a. Yes—but only in quantitative research. b. Yes—they can be used interchangeably. c. No—but normative is synonymous with average. d. No—confusing average with normal is a common error.

58.Meta-analysis is a: a. set of procedures that are used to make valid inferences about a text. b. technique that statistically combines the results of previous studies. c. study that measures the relationship between two measures. d. way to establish the reliability of experimental research. 59.Which word refers to how often people do something? a. Frequency b. Incidence c. Median d. Mean 60.A study that uses a survey to measure a set of variables to see if they are related to each other is: a. invalid. b. correlational. c. qualitative. d. experimental. 61.Which of the following is described by a number that measures the relationship between two variables? a. Median b. Mode c. Correlation d. Causation Psych 170 - Psychology of Human Sexuality Chapter 3: Sex Research 62.What is the median of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60? a. 60 b. 30 c. 33.33 d. 40 63.The variability describes the: a. average for the sample of respondents. b. variance from one respondent to the next. c. cumulative incidence of the behavior being studied. d. incidence versus the frequency. 64.What can be said if a person's sexual activity does not fall within the average range?

a. There is so much variability in sexual behavior, that any behavior in a wide range is perfectly normal. b. Those who fall within the statistical average tend to have boring sex lives. c. If a person does not fall within the statistical average of a behavior, the person's activity is abnormal. d. Differing from the average is cause for grave concern 65.Ninety-two percent of men have masturbated at least once in their life, and most men between 16 and 20 masturbate at least once a week. The percentage of men who have masturbated at least once in their life is the ______ and the number of times masturbation occurs within a week is the ______. a. mode; median b. frequency; incidence c. prevalence; frequency d. median; mode 66.Correlations can be ______ or ______. a. left; right b. correct; incorrect c. positive; negative d. qualitative; quantitative

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Chapter 3 Psych 170 Review Questions

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