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1 Color-Blindness Effect on Racism Paula Jordon PSYC3540 Culture, Ethnicity, and Diversity Capella University Due Date of Paper November 26,2023

2 Color-Blindness Effect on Racism Color-Blindness Is adding significance on color-blindness the answer to helping racism in our modern society or is it another way to foster discrimination and racism? Color-blindness in society is where a person states that they do not see ‘race’ or ‘color’ in people, as to them it does not influence their feelings and opinions about someone based off these categories. According to Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano (2018), the appeal to color-blindness is that it allows people to protect their egos by appearing to be nonprejudiced but without the sensitivity to occurrences of racism. Position and Arguments Color-blindness in modern society is a hindrance to improving racism as it lessens the likelihood of the person to address prejudices, lowers intergroup empathy, decreases interactions with minorities, and increases color-evasiveness (Mekawi, Todd, & Blevins, 2020; Yi, Todd, & Mekawi, 2020; Parks, Zeiders, Yoo, & Delgado, 2023; Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano, 2018). The following paragraphs will show the specific reasons behind these beliefs. There is an array of studies that show that color-blindness leads to a lessen likelihood of people addressing prejudices and lower intergroup empathy (Yi, Todd, & Mekawi, 2020). They address that when you have empathy for someone’s inequalities, you are more likely willing to engage in intergroup and self-directed actions. Such as educating yourself in challenges people may face or helping address social change. Whereas, if you believe in color-blindness, you are less likely to understand people’s struggles and are not willing to stand up for what is right. This is shown in their study where they did an online survey for new students to measure their

3 confidence in acting against their own and others prejudices. Their study showed that positive emotions lead to more willingness for action and negative emotions lead to less willingness for action. Mekawi, Todd, & Blevins (2020), did a similar study where they did an online survey to test for their attitudes towards people who are different than them and rather there was a correlation of power evasion and color evasion and if it makes them less likely to help social change. Their results showed that people with power evasion perspective were shown with more negative attitudes and were less likely to engage in addressing prejudices. Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano (2018), talk about how color-blindness can lead to a decrease in a person’s interaction with minorities by decreasing their sensitivity to discrimination. They state that it can lead to people not seeing racism and lead to them expressing more negative thoughts and feelings. This can also decrease the trust among people of minorities towards whites as there is not commitment to progressive change and can lead to less interactions towards each other. Parks, Zeiders, Yoo, & Delgado (2023), discuss how color-evasiveness evaluation could assess a person’s racial attitude and patterns by understanding their experiences and views with an online survey. The study showed that people with higher levels or color-evasiveness had a lower level of empathy towards people of color but also experienced a high level of fear towards them. They tended to also not feel a sense of guilt about their own privileges that others do not experience. All of these combined, results in people becoming less aware of the struggles that people of different backgrounds deal with. Counterarguments Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano (2018), state that color-blindness may be a remedy for discrimination when it can create an opportunity of equalness and fairness. Color-Blindness can

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4 be a positive thing if it presents a vision for an equitable world, where people of minorities are not marginalized or harmed. In Mekawi, Todd, & Blevins (2020) study, their results also showed that color evasion was associated with being less prejudice than people associated with power evasion. It showed that they had little to do with modern racism and might truly not see color as an issue. Rebuttals However, Mekawi, Todd, & Blevins (2020) study also states that these people are not usually empathic towards people of minorities or their issues and do not involve themselves in progressive changes. Even though Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano (2018), say that color- blindness might be a remedy for racism, Yi, Todd, & Mekawi (2020) point about needing to know someone’s inequalities to have empathy for the challenges that they face so that you can support action for a better world would make it unachievable unless you saw their color and their struggles to help. Supportive Evidence A study that helps supports all of these claims is Cox’s study on having people of color tested for color-blindness compared to the other studies on white participates (2022). Cox talks about the fact that studies with white participates have a higher degree of people with colorblindness compared to the study that he did, where people of color were found to be a lot less color-blinded and a lot more aware of the social problems that people face. The evidence showed that people of color wanted to be seen for their hard work and not for their race to be a factor. Summary and Conclusion

5 Color-blindness can lead to people less willing to help with action towards progressive change and has been shown to lead to a lower empathy rate for people of color (Yi, Todd, & Mekawi, 2020; Mekawi, Todd, & Blevins, 2020). Which can cause people to have less interaction with people of color (Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano, 2018). When there is less interaction with people of color, it can lead to color-evasion, which causes people to be less aware of the impact that racism has and has had on people (Parks, Zeiders, Yoo, & Delgado, 2023). Although, Plaut, Thomas, Hurd, and Romano (2018), state that color-blindness could lead to a more unified world, it would be unachievable without having empathy and compassion for the impact that racism has had on people of color. In conclusion, color-blindness can cause a hindrance when it comes to progression of racism and is not a solution to discrimination.

6 References Cox, J. M. (2022). When color‐conscious meets color‐blind: Millennials of color and color‐blind racism. Sociological Inquiry, 92(Suppl 1), 769–791. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/soin.12411 Mekawi, Y., Todd, N. R., Yi, J., & Blevins, E. J. (2020). Distinguishing 'I don’t see color’ from “Racism is a thing of the past”: Psychological correlates of avoiding race and denying racism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(3), 288–302. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1037/cou0000427.supp (Supplemental) Parks, S. J., Zeiders, K. H., Yoo, H. C., & Delgado, M. Y. (2023). White adults’ color- evasive racial attitudes and racism emotionality: Understanding patterns and correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 70(6), 619–630. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1037/cou0000694 Plaut, V. C., Thomas, K. M., Hurd, K., & Romano, C. A. (2018). Do color blindness and multiculturalism remedy or foster discrimination and racism? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(3), 200–206. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1177/0963721418766068 Yi, J., Todd, N. R., & Mekawi, Y. (2020). Racial Colorblindness and Confidence in and Likelihood of Action to Address Prejudice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 65(3/4), 407–422. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1002/ajcp.12409

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