Work with DSM-5-TR- Paula Jordon

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Working with the DSM-5-TR Paula Jordon Psyc2330- Introduction to Forensic Psychology John Walsh July, 2023
2 The Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5-TR) published by the American Psychiatric Association (2022) is a vital tool as a psychologist because they use it to diagnosis and treat people with a wide range of mental health disorders. It is vital to understand and use the DSM-5-TR as a psychologist. The DSM-5-TR is separated into three different sections: DSM Basics, Diagnostic Criteria and Codes, and Emerging Measures and Models (Delving into the DSM-5, multimedia presentation). Section one of the DSM-5-TR (2022) goes over the basics of what the DSM is used for such as figuring out a clinical diagnosis for clients. This section also talks about the history of the DSM from creating it in 1952, to the multiple revision processes including subtypes and “Conditions for Further Study”, and the field trials that included both a large diverse medical academic setting and another one in a routine clinical practice. The DSM also gives a definition of a mental disorder by saying it is “… a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning”. In the DSM, it talks about how different cultures, gender, race and ethnicity could play a role in how there could be variations and factors on these conditions such as how culture can shape the way someone experiences and shows certain signs, behaviors and symptoms of a condition. Section one also talks about the how the text provides a guideline for diagnoses but should be ultimately up to the professional to make an informed judgement through having a thorough evaluation of not only symptoms but as well as other determining factors. The text also provides context information for understanding the information such as the “diagnostic features” which is where they provide criteria and key points on interpreting the symptoms. Finally,
3 section one finishes off by letting the reader know that the information is meant to assist in diagnosing clients in clinical settings but does not provide treatment guidelines and when used in legal situations, the court needs to be informed of the risk and limitations of its use. Section two is where the criteria for diagnosing clients in a clinical setting is located, as well as, the diagnostic codes for ICD-10-CM (DSM-5-TR, 2022). This is where the psychologist will use the symptoms and information to allow their judgement to figure out and cross reference certain disorders to diagnosis their clients, and then from there create a treatment plan. Within each mental disorder category, there are criteria and description of a specific disorder. The disorder Social Anxiety is first shown the ICD-10-CM code of F40.10 and then has certain criteria that should be prevalent with someone with this disorder, such as having anxiety or fear of one or more social interactions where you fear being judged by others. They also give notes for the differences needed in children, such as it must occur with people their age and not just interacting with adults. Some other criteria for social anxiety are being afraid that your actions will be negatively viewed, having social interactions usually provoking fear or anxiety, so in turn these interactions are usually avoided, and cause severe effects on areas of your life for a prolonged time such as six months or more. This section also gives certain specifiers that are in the same realm but different than the original disorder, such as performance only anxiety in which the fear is restricted to performing or speaking in public places. The text also talks about some of the functional consequences of social anxiety disorder such as it being associated with high rates of school dropouts and having negative relationships.
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4 Section three of the DSM-5-TR (2022) talks about subsections such as emerging measures and models, assessment measures, cultural formulation, alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders, and conditions for further study. This section has techniques and tools to help in clinical practice, learn more about proposed diagnoses, and understand how culture can play a part in disorders. This will allow you to incorporate the other two sections to create a better understanding of the disorders, and how to use these tools to help your clients. Both the alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders and Conditions for Further Study sections can help you see alternative possibilities that your client may have that does not fully fit the needed criteria for certain disorders in section two. The Conditions for Further Study section in DSM-5-TR (2022) talks about proposed disorders and their criteria that need more research and data collecting to be able to use and add it to the officially recognized disorders. One of the disorders in this section talks about caffeine use disorder, which would need to meet the criteria of having a constant want for caffeine that can’t be controlled, not being able to stop even with knowledge of problems caused by caffeine in themselves, and having withdrawals from caffeine. This section of Conditions for Further Study interested me because I find it fascinating to see and learn about potential disorders that could be added to section two when more research is done on them. One thing that does need to be taken into consideration when using the DSM-5-TR (2022) is the ethical codes that psychologist must uphold (American Psychological Association, 2017). The ethics code is meant to help guide psychologist with standards of professional conduct towards their clients. Section 9 of the Ethics Code talks about assessments made by psychologist
5 when they evaluate and give recommendations to their clients. When evaluating their clients for possible disorders from the DSM-5-TR, the psychologist needs to make sure that they have adequate amount of data to support their findings. Psychologist will also need to be aware and forthcoming with any and all limitations of their interpretation and results when making diagnosis of any disorders from DSM-5-TR. In conclusion, the DSM-5-TR (2022), is essential to many psychologists in making diagnoses of disorders on the clients. However, it is important that the psychologist know how to use the manual and keep in consideration the ethical requirements set by the American Psychological Association (2017). They will need to be able to use all three sections of the DSM-5-TR by understanding the criteria from section two, understanding how to use the manual from section one, and understanding the effects of culture has on the disorder and the way it is perceived in section three to then come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan for their clients.
6 References American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.html American Psychiatric Association. (2022).   Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders   (5th ed., text rev.).   https://dsm-psychiatryonline-org.library.capella.edu/doi/book/ 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 Capella University. (n.d). Delving into the DSM- 5 ( multimedia presentation). https://media.capella.edu/coursemedia/psyc2330element234419/wrapper.asp?sso=true
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