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1 Decision making is riddled with pitfalls Student name Institutional affiliation Professor Course Date

2 It's crucial to note that not everyone experiencing sadness or considering suicide necessarily has a diagnosed mental disorder. Yet, seeking help promptly for oneself or a loved one dealing with depression or suicidal thoughts is paramount. Research indicates that around 38% of the global population has faced depression at some stage, underscoring the urgency to further examine the triggers of depression and promptly explore effective treatments. Both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, seem to possess a genetic element. Sleep deprivation has been linked to heightened emotional distress, potentially intensifying mental anguish. Individuals grappling with depression often report experiencing physical discomfort, mental anguish, and anxiety about the future and its potential implications. Bipolar disorder is marked by emotional instability, and it is believed that changes in brain structure and function, coupled with external factors, contribute to this condition. Manifestations of manic episodes, a crucial aspect of bipolar disorder, include insomnia, an intense urge for activity, and a distorted sense of time. Individuals experiencing depression may find it challenging to initiate and maintain positive interpersonal relationships. For an accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder, healthcare professionals need to differentiate between hypomania (a milder form of mania) and full-blown manic episodes. Prescribing antidepressants to individuals with bipolar disorder should be done with caution, as it may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts during a manic phase. Tranylcypromine, an anti-convulsant medication, is considered a viable option for treating bipolar disorder and severe depression, although there might be varying opinions among pharmaceutical companies and clinicians regarding its efficacy.

3 Even after receiving treatment for mental health conditions like depression or bipolar disorder, individuals might still have an elevated risk of suicide. This is a concerning issue, and increased access to mental health services and various support systems could substantially contribute to reducing suicide rates. Enhanced mental health services, improved access to treatment, and reduced stigma associated with seeking help for mental health concerns could help lower the disproportionately high suicide rate in the United States in comparison to other developed countries. References Hammond, J. S., Keeney, R. L., & Raiffa, H. (2006). The hidden traps in decision making. Harvard business review , 84 (1), 118.

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