Overview of Phencyclidine Use Disorder

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School

Nairobi Institute Of Business Studies *

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D33

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by mwangihiram8

Phencyclidine use disorder is a diagnostic label that appeared for the first time in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, also known as DSM-5. The disorder is given to people who are experiencing problems as a result of using a group of substances called phencyclidines (PCP), or substances that are pharmacologically similar to them, such as ketamine. Phencyclidines are sometimes mixed with other substances, including marijuana. This can be particularly harmful due to the rapidly addictive characteristics and effects, including an increased risk of violence and hallucinations. What is the most important information I should know about phencyclidine use disorder? Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic drug that can produce distorted perceptions, hallucinations, and aggressive behavior. PCP use can lead to dependence, addiction, withdrawal, and overdose. It is a Schedule II drug, meaning it is illegal in the U.S.1 What to Know About Ketamine Use Symptoms of Phencyclidine Use Disorder To receive a diagnosis of a phencyclidine use disorder, the person must have been taking one of this group of drugs, and as a result, experienced at least two of the following problems within a 12-month period:2 Taking more phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug than was intended Trying unsuccessfully to cut back or control the use of phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug Spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, and recovering from the effects of phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug Experiencing cravings to take more phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug Failing to carry out normal role expectations at school, work, or home, such as repeated absences from school or work, or neglecting the care of home and family Continuing to use phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug, even in the face of ongoing social or interpersonal problems as a result Dropping out of other important social, occupational, or recreational activities Taking phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug in situations that are dangerous to self or others Using phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug with the knowledge that it is causing physical or psychological problems or making existing physical or psychological problems worse

Tolerance for phencyclidine or a similarly acting drug What Is Addiction? Health Risks of Phencyclidine Use Disorder Phencyclidine has several serious health risks in addition to that of addiction, such as:3 An increased risk for mental health problems, including anxiety and depression Short-term health effects such as changes in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and body temperature Cognitive problems, including trouble with memory and concentration Social withdrawal and isolation Hallucinations, delusions, and flashbacks Suicidal thinking and behavior In some cases, people will experience repeated hallucinations and flashbacks that continue for long periods after stopping PCP use. This condition is known as hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD).4 Addiction and Withdrawal Using phencyclidine regularly can lead to addiction. When people become dependent on PCP, they need to continue taking it in order to avoid experiencing symptoms of withdrawal. People can also develop a tolerance to phencyclidine, which means that they need to take more of the substance in order to continue experiencing the same effects. People who develop dependence and addiction will experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop using PCP. Symptoms of withdrawal can include: Drug cravings Confusion Depression Increased agitation and anxiety

While phencyclidine withdrawal is not life-threatening, it can be unpleasant and distressing. Talk to your doctor about managing your symptoms during withdrawal and your options for treatment and recovery. Treatment for Phencyclidine Use Disorder There are no medications approved to treat phencyclidine use disorder. Interventions typically focus on talk therapies that help people identify problematic thoughts and behaviors contributing to substance use. Some possible treatment options include: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT): Focuses on helping people change thoughts and behaviors associated with drug use while fostering coping skills that aid in recovery Contingency management (CM): Utilizes small monetary rewards or vouchers to reward people for staying off of drugs Motivational enhancement therapy (MET): Helps people improve their motivation and commitment to change Twelve-step recovery programs and support groups can also be helpful for recovery from phencyclidine use disorder. Lifestyle changes and self-help approaches can also be helpful. In addition to going to treatment sessions and following your therapist's recommendations, you can also benefit from the following: Finding ways to stay busy and filling your time with activities that help take your mind off of drug cravings Creating healthy habits such as getting regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep each night Building a support system and spending time with friends who can encourage drug abstinence Avoiding triggers, including people, places, or situations, that might contribute to drug cravings or drug use

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