ParentingnfluenceWorksheet

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Harvard University *

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DEVELOPMEN

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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Parenting Influence Worksheet As a mental health worker, it is essential to identify the determinants of parenting and the impact of those determinants on children’s outcomes. This assignment will help you learn this concept. Citing two to four scholarly sources, answer the following: Topic 3: Parental Influence on Children’s Trajectories Explain what is meant by nature and nurture in regards to parenting. (50-75 words) When discussing parenting, the terms "nature" and "nurture" relate to the mutual effect of a child's genes and their surroundings. Biological inheritance from one's parents plays a role in shaping one's appearance, temperament, and proclivities. The term "nurture" is used to describe all of the external elements, such as parental methods, social context, and life events that have an impact on a child's growth and development. According to Keating's (2010) nature and nurture work together to shape individual behavior and social development. Explain what is meant by parent-child attachment . (50-75 words) A fundamental emotional link created between a kid and their primary caregiver, generally the parent, is referred to as parent-child attachment. This bond has a tremendous impact on the child's emotional, social, and cognitive development. A secure attachment promotes safety and trust, allowing for healthy exploration and development. Insecure attachments, on the other hand, such as preoccupied, dismissive, and terrified attitudes, can cause difficulties with emotional regulation and interpersonal interactions. Describe one example of each: Secure attachment style: A child with a secure attachment type feels sure that their caregiver will regularly address their emotional and physical needs. This creates a sense of security and trust, laying the groundwork for healthy emotional growth. Sanvictores and Mendez (2022) highlights that children who have solid bonds have greater social skills, emotional management, and academic accomplishment. Preoccupied attachment style: A kid with a preoccupied attachment style may show signs of worry and doubt regarding their caregiver's availability. The child's need for frequent reassurance and validation is a common symptom of this, which is itself a result of inconsistent caring. Preoccupied children may have low self-esteem and find it difficult to maintain connections as adults (Sanvictores & Mendez, 2022). Dismissing attachment style: Dismissing attachment involves emotional distancing and avoidance of the caregiver. Caregivers who ignore children's emotional needs can cause this. Dismissing attachments can

make children defensive, downplaying emotional connections and suffering with intimacy. Fearful attachment style: Fearful attachment contains characteristics of both obsessed and dismissive approaches, resulting in children fluctuating between desiring intimacy and avoiding emotional connection owing to fear of rejection or harm. This attachment type may develop as a result of unstable parenting, and it's been linked to relationship difficulties. Parenting Styles Explain what is meant by parental establishment of trajectories. (50-75 words) The process by which parents impact their children's long-term development through their parenting choices, decisions, and behaviors is known as parental trajectory formation. Physical, social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of a child's development from birth to third grade are all taken into account in trajectories based on the work of Feeney, Moravcik, and Nolte (2018). According to Sanvictores and Mendez (2022), authoritative parents create a good example for their children by establishing regular norms, emotional stability, and open lines of communication. In contrast, an authoritarian approach, as expressed by Keating (2010), may produce trajectories marked by obedience, but it may also produce challenges in emotional expression and decision-making due to strict restrictions without explanations. Parental decisions, as emphasized in the preceding section on parenting styles and their impacts on children, serve as the compass that directs these trajectories, shaping the child's whole developmental journey. Describe some of the trajectories that were present in your home as a child. How did these influence your development? (75-100 words) During my formative years, my household exemplified an authoritarian parenting approach. Explicit rules and expectations were established, and disciplinary measures were characterized by a greater emphasis on assistance rather than punishment. The prevailing conditions in this particular setting facilitated the development of a strong feeling of accountability, self- management, and proficient interpersonal interaction. Consequently, I cultivated a sense of self-assurance, enhanced my interpersonal abilities, and bolstered my capacity for emotional fortitude. The use of an authoritative approach fosters the development of independence, hence promoting positive self-esteem and facilitating academic success. Explain how parental decision-making promotes and establishes trajectories. (100-150 words) The process of parental decision-making is of great significance in determining the developmental paths of children, as it influences the environment and experiences that shape their lives. The child's holistic development is influenced by decisions pertaining to discipline, education, and participation in extracurricular activities. An instance of authoritative decision- making, which is distinguished by transparent communication and assistance, promotes favorable outcomes by promoting independence and self-control. Conversely, decisions made by authoritarian figures that prioritize the imposition of stringent norms without providing explanations have the potential to result in trajectories characterized by compliance, although

may pose challenges in terms of decision-making abilities and emotional expression. List four of the determinants listed in the textbook: 1. Cultural Backgrounds 2. Socioeconomic Status 3. Single-Parent Families 4. Immigration Select two of the four listed. Explain how they interrelate. ( 50-75 words) The degree of influence exerted on parenting styles is directly proportional to the socioeconomic status and cultural background of the parents in question. The cultural norms and beliefs of a society have a significant impact on the ways in which parents raise their children, while the parents' socioeconomic standing determines the resources that are available to them. For instance, a cultural tendency to place a high value on education may coincide with a specific level of economic standing, which makes it easier to acquire resources of a high educational standard. This, in turn, can influence the decisions that parents make on the educational path that is best for their child. References:

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Feeney, S., Moravcik, E., & Nolte, S. (2018). Who Am I in the Lives of Children? an Introduction to Early Childhood Education. In Google Books . Pearson. https://books.google.co.ke/books/about/Who_Am_I_in_the_Lives_of_Children_an_Int.ht ml?id=dZ9aswEACAAJ&redir_esc=y Keating, D. P. (2010). Nature and Nurture in Early Child Development. In Google Books . Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.ke/books/about/Nature_and_Nurture_in_Early_Child_Develo.ht ml?id=0hdB63OT_RYC&redir_esc=y Sanvictores, T., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children . PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/ Bonus Questions – Answer each question in 150 words and one source.

1. Explain how the idea of "nature and nurture" could put an end to the long-term debate of "nature or nurture?" The "nature versus nurture" debate has been a hot topic in family and child studies for decades. Researchers in these fields often take contrasting positions on the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and development. However, current thinking takes a more progressive tack, embracing a more all-encompassing methodology, and acknowledging the complex interplay between genetics and upbringing. The "nature and nurture" theory framework is extensively discussed in academic literature. Research conducted in recent decades supports the idea that both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in shaping a child's cognitive abilities, personality traits, and emotional health and well-being. Epigenetics studies, for instance, shed light on how environmental factors can affect gene expression, highlighting the complex relationship between genetic makeup and upbringing. According to the "nature and nurture" theory, an individual's traits are the consequence of a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and the impact of their upbringing. Prominent scientists in the topic, illustrated by Plomin and Bergeman (1991), have played a vital role in facilitating this paradigm shift by emphasizing the significance of transcending the nature vs nurture dichotomy. Understanding the multiple mechanisms that contribute to family dynamics and children's growth and development is facilitated by acknowledging the interdependent interaction between genetic and environmental influences. 2. What are some potential parenting challenges that may arise between parents who have significantly different attachment experiences in their families of origin. How might these challenges best be navigated to avoid detriment to the family relationships? Parents with various attachment experiences in their families of origin may struggle with parenting since their upbringing might affect their parenting techniques, expectations, and emotional responses. One parent may have had a secure childhood attachment, fostering trust and healthy relationships, while the other may have had insecure or disorganized attachments, making it hard to form and maintain close relationships. Different approaches to discipline, communication, and emotion can show up. Open communication and understanding are needed to overcome these obstacles. Recognizing and appreciating each other's experiences can help couples' parenting. Couples counseling or parenting seminars might help you discuss these differences and establish co-parenting skills. Sharing a parenting philosophy through compromise and flexibility is essential. This requires finding common ground, creating routines, and creating a supportive environment for both partners to bring their skills to parenting. Parents can unite and establish a more stable and supportive family by encouraging empathy and validating each other's opinions. By tackling these issues and working together, parents may establish a peaceful and supportive family atmosphere that values their and their children's well-being. References:

Keating, D. P. (2010). Nature and Nurture in Early Child Development. In Google Books . Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.co.ke/books/about/Nature_and_Nurture_in_Early_Child_Develo.ht ml?id=0hdB63OT_RYC&redir_esc=y

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