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1 Response 1 In response to your discussion about construct validity, I agree with your discussion that constructs reality as a measurement assesses the validity of a construct and its dimensions. The discussion has further highlighted how to confirm exam validity using the construct validity criteria. I agree with you, too, that the constructs used in exams must be measurable. For example, intelligence exams as construct validity should be able to assess theorized outcomes (Cohen, 2022). I believe two types of criterion validity can be used in exam validity assessments. I agree that if either of the two criteria can confirm the criterion used in an exam, that criterion can be considered valid. Reference Cohen, R. J. (20210119). Psychological Testing and Assessment, 10th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf 10.2.0]. vbk://9781264169207 Response 2 Your discussion has clearly explained the concept of construct validity by giving a clear definition of what the construct is. In addition, your discussion has demonstrated the two types of criterion validity as a test between concepts or dimensions (Cohen, 2018). I agree with your example that students taking an SAT for assessment to determine their performance in school are an excellent example of predictive validity. Your discussion has correctly elaborated on the significance of a psychological test for ABA in assessing the ABLLS test. Reference Cohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E. (2018). Psychological Testing and Assessment. An Introduction to Tests and Measurements Ninth Edition. 178-192. Response 3

2 Your explanation of behaviorism as a systematic strategy for comprehending behavior based on discernible acts that can be defined objectively was quite clear. I concur with your claim that, like animals, we pick up behaviors through interaction with our surroundings. I believe behaviorism is untrue because free will contributes to our comprehension of human behavior. In addition, although behaviorism had its drawbacks because it described how behaviors could be predicted, this new school of thinking helped psychology develops as a scientific field. Psychologists can measure and control maladaptive behaviors with the aid of predictable outcomes (Delprato & Midgley,1992). Reference Delprato, D. J., & Midgley, B. D. (1992). Some fundamentals of B. F. Skinner's behaviorism. The American Psychologist, 47(11), 1507–1520. Response 4 I agree with your discussion that when behaviorism was first developed, it offered the idea that many things previously taken for granted could be seen through a person's behavior (Schultz & Schultz, 2016). Since we could now do studies based on observation as opposed to before this was established, this brought about many changes within psychology and its future. In my opinion, being able to watch actions, assess the outcomes, and place them where necessary to verify new ideas and have a fixed measure for them was essential within psychology. To add to this, the concept of conditioning, which Pavlov and Skinner later applied, was also introduced by behaviorism. Reference Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2016). A history of modern psychology. (11th ed.). Cengage

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