Reading Assignment 6.edited

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1 Reading assignment 6 Student name Professor Date

2 Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic conception of the self, its three parts, and its importance for understanding antisocial/criminal behavior . Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic conception of the self is based on his hypothesis of the oblivious intellect and its role in forming identity and behavior. According to Freud, the mind is partitioned into three components: id, ego, and superego. These three parts of the self interact and decide a person's contemplations, sentiments, and activities. The id is the most essential portion of the self, representing our primal wants and motivations. It operates based on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification from our instinctive drives such as hunger, thirst, and sex. The id is unconscious, meaning we are unaware of its influence on our behavior. The id is also responsible for our aggressive and destructive tendencies, known as the "Thanatos" drive. The id's primal and imprudent nature persuades people to engage in criminal and introverted behavior. On the other hand, the superego is the ethical component of the self, representing our sense of right and wrong. It works based on optimistic guidelines, endeavoring for flawlessness and disallowing corrupt or destructive behaviors. The superego is generally unconscious and creates over time through internalizing societal values and standards. People with a weak or immature superego are more likely to engage in criminal or reserved behavior as they need ethical guidelines to regulate their motivations. The ego is the go-between between the id and the superego, adjusting their requests and trying to fulfill them in socially satisfactory ways. The ego works based on the reality guideline, meaning it considers the consequences of activities before acting on impulses. It is the conscious portion of the self and continually works to preserve a sense of balance between the id's wants

3 and the superego's ethical limitations. In individuals with a weak ego, the id or the superego may dominate, causing imbalances that can lead to criminal or reserved behavior. Freud accepted that criminal and introverted behavior emerges from an awkwardness between the id's motivations and the superego's control. He contended that these people have a powerless superego, making them more vulnerable to acting on their imprudent and forceful desires without considering the moral consequences. They may also have a weak ego, meaning they lack the rationality to consider alternative options for satisfying their needs. Those who have not achieved appropriate resolutions in earlier stages, particularly the oral and anal stages, may also experience fixations that manifest in criminal or antisocial tendencies. For instance, individuals deprived of oral gratification during the oral stage may develop an oral fixation, leading them to engage in behaviors like smoking or overeating. Similarly, unresolved issues during the anal stage, such as inconsistencies in toilet training, may result in anal retentiveness, leading to perfectionistic and controlling behaviors. Significance of Travis Hirschi’s concept of the social bond for an understanding of control theory. Include a discussion of the four elements of the social bond; how does the bond inhibit or promote delinquency? Travis Hirschi's concept of the social bond is essential for understanding control theory and delinquency. According to Hirschi, the social bond refers to the ties people have to their society and the components that impact them to comply with socially acknowledged norms, values, and behaviors. It is a defensive factor against degenerate and criminal behavior because it prevents people from engaging in misconduct by restricting their opportunities. The social bond comprises four components:

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4 Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. These elements work together to make a solid social bond and advance similarity to societal standards, repressing delinquency. The primary component of the social bond, attachment, refers to the enthusiastic bonds people have with others in their social environment, such as family, companions, and peers. It establishes the social bond because it creates a sense of belonging and acknowledgment inside society. When people have solid connections to others, specifically to conventional people who disapprove of immoral behavior, they are less likely to engage in delinquency to prevent hurting those they are close to. The second element, commitment, is individuals' investment in conventional goals and their willingness to conform to society's expectations to achieve those goals. According to Moya (2001), a bigger degree of commitment translates to a stronger need for victory, which can aid in motivating people to have social norms and delinquent behaviors that can jeopardize their goals. For instance, a youngster committed to succeeding in school and getting to college can engage in antisocial behavior that could destroy their future victor (Moyer, 2001). The third component, involvement, refers to participation in conventional activities such as school and community organizations. By actively engaging in conventional activities, One can be less likely to have free time, leading to boredom and bad behavior. For instance, youth involved in school programs are less likely to have free time, which can lead to boredom and criminal behaviors.

5 The last element is belief. This element relates to individuals and acceptance of society's conventional values and beliefs. When highly invested in adhering to societal norms, they can be less likely to participate in criminal behaviors since it goes against their norms and values. For instance, someone who strongly believes in honesty will likely commit fraud or theft. Therefore, social norms operate in the form of informal social bonds and informal social control, which prevent criminal activities.

6 Reference Moyer, I. L. (2001). Criminological theories: Traditional and non-traditional voices and themes. Sage.

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