Clinical Psychology

docx

School

Government College University Faisalabad *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

112

Subject

Psychology

Date

Nov 24, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by RaiFia

Definition: Cognitive Ability Testing Cognitive ability testing is a common selection method used to test the knowledge & capabilities of a person. The process is done through a Cognitive ability test (CogAT or CAT) which is characterized to measure the level of aptitude that determines a person’s ability to learn. Cognitive ability tests include measures of verbal, mathematical, memory & reasoning abilities. Cognitive Ability Tests Cognitive ability tests assess abilities involved in thinking (e.g., reasoning, perception, memory, verbal and mathematical ability, and problem solving). Such tests pose questions designed to estimate applicants' potential to use mental processes to solve work-related problems or to acquire new job knowledge. Traditionally, the general trait measured by cognitive ability tests is called "intelligence" or "general mental ability." However, an intelligence test often includes various item types which measure different and more specific mental factors often referred to as "specific mental abilities." Examples of such items include arithmetic computations, verbal analogies, reading comprehension, number series completion, and spatial relations (i.e., visualizing objects in three- dimensional space).. Some cognitive ability tests sum up the correct answers to all of the items to obtain an overall score that represents a measure of general mental ability. If an individual score is computed for each of the specific types of abilities (e.g., numeric, verbal, reasoning), then the resulting scores represent measures of the specific mental abilities. Traditional cognitive tests are well-standardized, contain items reliably scored, and can be administered to large groups of people at one time. Examples of item formats include multiple choice, sentence completion, short answer, or true-false. Many professionally developed cognitive tests are available commercially and may be considered when there is no significant need to develop a test that refers specifically to the particular job or organization.

What happens during a cognitive assessment? A cognitive assessment takes place within a school, home, community setting or within our clinic. The assessment would need to be in a quiet room free from distractions. Ideal conditions for a cognitive assessment would be in a place the child or young person knows well and feels relaxed in so they are able to be calm and focused. There are variations between each cognitive assessment, but they all measure a multitude of abilities through puzzles, activities and questions. Cognitive assessments can be long, so usually a break will take place Cognitive Ability Test Technique  Bring/use a stopwatch.  Be prepared with scrap paper if doing an online test.  Work swiftly but carefully- some answers are there to trick you.  Calculate the maximum amount of time to be allocated to a question and stick to it using your stopwatch.  Do not use any general knowledge when answering questions. Everything you need to answer the question is included in the passage. Cognitive Assessments (IQ Testing) Cognitive assessments or intelligence tests are used to determine a child’s learning capability by identifying their cognitive strengths and weaknesses. When interpreted in combination with comprehensive background information, parent and teachers interviews, the results of cognitive tests can provide a profile which can assist with the development of individualized intervention and learning plans for children Cognitive assessments with children require the administration of standardized psychometric tools by experienced and accredited psychologists. These tools can assess various areas of cognitive capacity, for example:  Verbal Comprehension : the ability to use a range of vocabulary to understand and express general knowledge and explain concepts  Visual Spatial: the ability to evaluate visual details and understand visual spatial relationships  Fluid Reasoning: the ability to use conceptual information from visual details and apply that knowledge  Working Memory : the ability to learn, manipulate and retain information to complete new tasks  Processing Speed : the ability to quickly process and make judgements about visual information Cognitive assessments with children help assist in the examination of:  Intellectual Giftedness: a cognitive assessment will help to assess whether a child can access gifted and talented programs or special classes e.g. admission to selective schools,

acceleration or opportunity classes, GERRIC (UNSW) or guide teachers in the provision of extension activities in the classroom setting.  Diagnosing learning difficulties or disabilities in children: a cognitive assessment in conjunction with an educational assessment can assist in identifying the presence of a learning difficulty or disorder in children and to help teachers make appropriate accommodations for students in the classroom. This information can be used to manage and minimize negative experiences at school such as poor academic results, school avoidance and low self-esteem.  Intellectual difficulty or disability: an assessment will assist in identifying children with an intellectual disability, which is characterized by an IQ test score at least 2 standard deviations below the mean (this often equates to an IQ score of 70). Following an assessment, children and parents will have a better understanding around how an intellectual disability impacts the child’s ability to learn. It will also help to provide information to develop effective plans or accommodations in the classroom that are tailored to meet a child’s specific needs. Results can also assist in making applications to access government or school disability funding, special needs teachers or special provisions (e.g. scribe) in formal school examinations. Which cognitive assessments do we use? The specific cognitive assessment(s) used will be chosen based on the individual. The main cognitive assessments we use are:  BAS3 - British ability scales are used to assess children’s current intellectual functioning and can measure; verbal ability, non-verbal reasoning, spatial ability, general conceptual ability, special non-verbal composite  WAIS - Wechsler adult intelligence scale can measure; reasoning, retention of information, processing information, organization of information, verbal comprehension  WPPSI-IV - Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence can measure; verbal comprehension, visual spatial, working memory, fluid reasoning, processing speed, vocabulary acquisition, non-verbal, general ability, cognitive proficiency  Bayley scales of infant and toddler development - can be used from 4 months old and can measure; cognitive, motor and language abilities, social-emotional and adaptive behavior.  WRIT - Wide range intelligence test provides a general measure of intelligence and can be administered in under an hour and measures; verbal IQ, visual IQ, general IQ  WISC-V - Wechsler intelligence scale for children can be used to provide a full cognitive profile of strengths and difficulties, including; verbal comprehension, visual spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, processing speed, quantitative reasoning, auditory working memory, non-verbal, general ability and cognitive proficiency  WNC - Wechsler non-verbal scale of ability assesses multiple ability levels through non- verbal methods

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

 NNAT - Naglieri non-verbal ability test measures an individual’s general reasoning and problem-solving ability  Beta-4 - Useful for assessing cognitive abilities in adults through non-verbal methods. Advantages of Cognitive Ability Test  • verbal reasoning sections and numerical tests sections have shown large validity for numerous number of jobs  • As the job complexity increases, so does the validity  • When many applicants are to be tested ,in that case it can be administered in group settings  • scoring of the tests can be completed by computer scanning equipment  • lower cost than personality tests  • highly reliable  Disadvantages of Cognitive Ability Test  • often, non-minorities score one standard deviation higher than minorities thus leading to adverse impact depending on how the scores are used in the selection process  • ability differences between male and female differences (e.g., knowledge of mathematics) may negatively impact the scores of female applicants.

References  Hunter, J. E. (1986). Cognitive ability, cognitive aptitude, job knowledge, and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29 (3), 340-362.  Murphy, K. R., Cronin, B. E., & Tam, A. P. (2003). Controversy and consensus regarding the use of cognitive ability testing in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (4), 660-671.  Outtz, J. L. (2002). The role of cognitive ability tests in employment selection. Human Performance, 15 (1-2), 161-172.  Ree, M. J., Earles, J. A., & Teachout, M. S. (1994). Predicting job performance: Not much more than g. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79 (4), 518-524.  Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. (2004). General mental ability in the world of work: Occupational attainment and job performance. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 86 (1), 162-173.

Related Documents

PUBH 6038_wk2_QUIZ.docx

psy 222 mod-3-discussion.pdf

1.1.2 Descriptive Research (1).pptx

W.A4.docx

Educ 5470 discussion unit 14.docx

Selected personality test is DISC personality test.docx

Assessing and Analyzing your Personality with the Indigo.edited.docx

Week 4 assignment – Career exploration just out of college.docx

PSY 520 - 2-2 Final Project Milestone Two - Draft of Research Materials.docx

Controversial Music and Positive Social Change.docx

soical psycho 9.docx

58-60.PNG

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780134477961

Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Publisher:PEARSON

Cognitive Psychology

Psychology

ISBN:9781337408271

Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.

Publisher:Cengage Learning,

Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...

Psychology

ISBN:9781337565691

Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780393265156

Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga

Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...

Psychology

ISBN:9781285763880

Author:E. Bruce Goldstein

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)

Psychology

ISBN:9781305652958

Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning