EVIDENCE LOG #7 (1)
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Santa Monica College *
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Political Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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7
Uploaded by lucasfromtopanga
Lucas Lombardo
9/18/2023
EVIDENCE LOG #7
Chapter 6 – Non-Democratic Regimes: Models Of Non-Democratic Rule
The purpose of this assignment is to apply the concepts addressed in the text to the
country you chose to study this term (if possible!).
●
NOTE: If the country you have chosen to study is NOT a non-democratic
regime, you may choose a different non-democratic country.
1.
Please complete the Evidence Log below.
CONCEPT
DEFINITIONS/EXPLANATIONS
●
Find supporting evidence
in the TEXTBOOK
to
answer the question/define the terms. In addition to
the definition, please also explain/analyze the term
in your own words.
●
Please include direct quotations
from the textbook
in each box.
●
NO outside sources
may be used in this column.
●
Points will be taken off if the textbook is not used
and/or if other sources are used.
PERSONAL /
MONARCHICAL RULE
What are the main characteristics of personal /
monarchical rule?
This type of system
“rests on the claim that one
person alone is fit to run the country, with no clear
regime or roles to constrain that person’s rule
(O’neil,
Patrick)
.
”
The ruler of this state is not subordinate to
the People or the State, rather, they are subordinate to
him and any action he takes. Often there is no driving
Ideology to this regime, instead the ruler justifies his
Authority by claiming to be the only capable leader to
be able to lead the Society as a whole. This will often
lead to the development of personality cult within the
country. Those below the ruler in the hierarchy are
considerd the elites of the Country, gaining the
benefits for being loyal which are not available to the
rest of Society.
MILITARY RULE
What are the main characteristics of military rule?
Military Rule is an authoritarian regime in which
political leadership is exercised solely by the military or
parts of the military. They often arise during periods in
which governments struggle with political unrest,
waning legitimacy and modernization, by which time
the
“military has sometimes chosen to intervene
directly in politics, seeing itself as the only organized
force able to ensure stability
(O’neil, Patrick)
.”A
military dictatorship usually arises through a coup that
is directed against the existing order and the
associated government. They are often characterized
by the suppression of the political opposition. Military
Rule often operates on a form of bureaucratic
authoritarianism, where the leadership focuses on
rational and objective reasoning when running the
country instead of one relying on Charisma. This is
done in order to create a technocratic leadership
where the Government is cleansed of “emotional” and
“ideological” elements that come with political parties
and divisions.
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ONE-PARTY RULE
What are the main characteristics of one-party rule?
One Party Rule
The system is One-Party Rule is
“a regime in which a
single political party monopolizes politics, with other
parties banned or excluded from power
(O’neil,
Patrick)
.”
The dominant party holds sole government
power in the long term, no legitimate opposition
parties permitted. The party is therefore the only legal
party and is usually committed to a certain ideology.
One-party systems fundamentally contradict
democratic party diversity. As a rule, one-party
systems can only be maintained with state pressure
against the population and with restrictions to the
benefits its people may receive unless they join the
party. They will often use its control over the political
system to place members into every position of power
ranging from Universities to City leaders, thereby
increasing its influence. It will also use this influence to
create a mass mobilization of its citizens to its
Ideological cause through Propaganda.
THEOCRACY
What are the main characteristics of theocratic rule?
While the exact description of Theocratic rule is
difficult to pinpoint, it is often summarized as literally
“rule by God,” in which
“the faith is the foundation for
the political regime, such a regime can be founded on
any number of faiths and variations within them
(O’neil, Patrick)
.”
Most if not all its social norms are to
be organized on the basis of religious doctrine the
state tries to implement. There is no separation of
state and religion, nor of secular law, and the state
sees democratic institutions as either needing to be
subordinate to the Religion or an outright
contradiction. An example of an Theocratic Regime
can be seen in Iran, where since the revolution, the
country has been governed by a form Fundamentalist
Islam. It is a state in which the ruling government is
dominated by religious clerics and the Supreme
leader being head of the Religious matters and head
of Government.
ILLIBERAL REGIME
What are the main characteristics of illiberal
regimes?
The most notable aspect of Illiberal Regimes is how
“all
the democratic institutions that rest upon the rule of
law are weakly institutionalized and respected
(O’neil,
Patrick)
.”
The rulers of an illiberal regime can ignore or
circumvent the constitutional limits on their power.
They also tend to ignore the will of the minority, which
is what makes a democracy illiberal. Elections in an
illiberal regime are often manipulated or rigged, and
are used to merely legitimize and consolidate the
incumbent rather than elect the country's leaders and
policies. Many countries considered Illiberal Regimes
are classified as neither "free" nor "not free", but as
"partially free". While they officially have the models of
a functioning democracy, in practice they remain
plagued by a real lack of checks and balances.
2. Which model of non-democratic rule does your chosen country most
closely follow?
For this Assignment I choose North Korea.
The best description of North Korea
would be a Personalist Dictatorship, with
all the power within the country centered around a single individual.
After the
surrender of Japan in 1945, the Soviets occupied the northern half of the Korean
Peninsula and created the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea),
under the leadership of Kim Il-sung. Since then, North Korea has been controlled by
an Authoritarian Regime ruled by 3 Generations of the Kim family, current leadership
being held by Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un. The Kim dynasty, as it's come to be
known, has
“ruled with absolute authority, using heavy repression and a system of
patronage that ensures support from elites and the military
(Albert, Eleanor)
.”
The
government is so powerful that the country is virtually isolated from the outside
world, with even the movement of its citizens being heavily restricted. It is by far one
of the most totalitarian regimes on Earth , with all powers centered on the figure of
the Supreme Leader, as well as a large personality cult surrounding the Kim Family.
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Some may classify the
country is also classified as a One-Party State, given
that the Workers' Party of Korea is the founding and sole legal party of the Country.
But the party is merely a tool in service of the Kim family to project and maintain its
power. Its members are subservient to every action of the Supreme Leader and have
virtually no power over policy making or even the selection of leadership. This is in
contrast to China's One-Party System, which has no personality cult and which
selects its leaders based on competence and loyalty to the Communist Party.
In
North Korea the ruling Communist Ideology has over the time been warped into a
new one called “Juche”.
Juche
follows
the
ideas
and
philosophy
created
by
Kim
Il-sung,
which
advocates
the
nation's
movement
towards
ideological
autonomy
through
the
construction of an economically self-sufficient state and protection from “Imperial
Influence”. At its center, the philosophy
holds that the Supreme Leader is the only
one capable of leading the Korean people to prosperity. It holds that its founder Kim
Il-sung,
“was so uniquely gifted, so incredibly accomplished, that the only way to
make one’s life better was to align your own will with that of the suryong’s
(leader)
(Beauchamp, Zack)
.”
By that extension, his family are the only ones capable of
ensuring his legacy and the prosperity that he promised. In a way, Juche has
become almost a quasi-religion for the people of North Korea, creating a society that
worships the Kim family as if they are deities. In short, North Korea is probably the
most modern definition and example of Personal Rule
Works Cited
1.
Albert, Eleanor. “North Korea’s Power Structure.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council
on Foreign Relations, 17 June 2020,
www.cfr.org/backgrounder/north-koreas-power-structure.
2.
Beauchamp, Zack. “Juche, the State Ideology That Makes North Koreans Revere Kim
Jong Un, Explained.” Vox, 18 June 2018,
www.vox.com/world/2018/6/18/17441296/north-korea-propaganda-ideology-juche.
3.
“North Korea: Systematic Repression.” Human Rights Watch, 28 Oct. 2020,
www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/14/north-korea-systematic-repression.
4.
Hotham, Oliver. “How the Kim Cult of Personality Came to Dominate North Korean Life:
NK News.” NK News - North Korea News, 23 May 2023,
www.nknews.org/2018/12/how-the-kim-cult-of-personality-came-to-dominate-north
-korean-life/.
5.
Bandow, Doug. “More Dictator Than God: Kim Jong
‐
Un’s Cult of Personality Is Going
Strong.” Cato.Org, 8 Nov. 2019,
www.cato.org/commentary/more-dictator-god-kim-jong-uns-cult-personality-goin
g-strong.