Federalist Papers

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Gonzalez 1 Hilary Gonzalez 22 September 2020 POLS 3710 Summary of The Federalist Papers The creation of the Federalist Papers resulted from the Articles of Confederation's failure of a weak federal government. Throughout the thirteen colonies, disputes arose for the ratification of the United States Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote a series of essays published in 1787 discussing the expansion of the federal government. The Framers accumulated their ideologies from different countries and political systems that existed in history. The idea of a centralized government originated from the British. Great Britain adopted the unitary system, which composes one central government that obtains all political power. Federalism is the process of creating a strong federal government by separating powers into three branches. The Roman Republic and Greek Democracy influenced the creation of the American political system. The concept of separation of powers evolved from French philosopher Montesquieu. English philosopher John Locke influenced the principles of liberalism, which argues that each man has the inalienable right to life, liberty, and property. The Federalist Papers highlight the importance of a strong central government to achieve economic prosperity. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison argued that the Constitution's ratification allows them to engage in peace treaties with foreign nations, regulate interstate trade, and establish a navy. In Federalist No.3, John Jay suggests forming peace treaties with foreign countries to prevent potential conflicts. After white settlers' independence from British rule, they hindered the

Gonzalez 2 national government from retaining excessive political control. Thus, while forming their form of government, the states remained independent from the federal system. John Jay insists on ensuring safety for the public. During the late eighteenth century, British and Spanish occupied territory surrounding the thirteen colonies. Without a peace agreement, the colonies were susceptible to invasion by the most industrialized nations globally. John Jay remains concerned that sovereign states could wage war with European nations since they do not compromise with the federal government to initiate conflicts. He contends for the Constitution's ratification due to the federal government's limitations under the Articles of Confederation. In Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution establishes the executive branch, particularly the President's powers, as the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy. The President will be liable for making treaties that states must comply with and cannot violate. John Jay reassures that the Constitution's ratification will benefit the country by protecting their safety by creating peace treaties with other countries and allowing them to negotiate those deals. In Federalist No.7, Alexander Hamilton discusses the issue of conflict over unclaimed territories. The Articles of Confederation stated that colonies were formed in a perpetual Union, defined as a solid partnership league. It did not specify that the central government had power over the states. The Framers work to address in the draft of the new Constitution. Hamilton describes the land scandal between Connecticut and Pennsylvania. It exposed a significant weakness in the Articles of Confederation as Connecticut could not override the court's ruling in the Court of Pennsylvania. Hamilton addresses the need for a national judicial system. Article III, Section 3 of the Constitution establishes the Judicial Branch responsible for interpreting the Constitution and arranging court proceedings between States. The Framers composed numerous

Gonzalez 3 provisions involving the distribution of power between the state and federal governments. They sought to create a system that restricted the authority of the state by incorporating a commerce clause. In Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution confers Congress the duty to regulate international and interstate commerce. The States are not permitted to levy a state tax on their goods. One of the disadvantages of the Confederation's Articles was that the Continental Congress did not have the power to levy state taxes. The government was underfunded, considering that it will have to request for funds from the colonies. Hamilton put forward a plan to pay down the national debt by enforcing the federal government to tax the population. In Article 6 of the Constitution, the United States has the sole obligation to repay its debt, which involves providing for the American Revolutionary War allies and soldiers. In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warns the nation that factions can infringe social and personal freedoms. Human beings have inevitably become divided by political philosophies, religions, and socioeconomic status. Madison considers the landlords and others who do not own property as the most threatening factions. He acknowledges that he can not restrict the divisions' roots, but he can restrict the consequences. A strong central government is required to deter any party from dominating another. Madison explains that the formation of a large republic might minimize the risk of corruption. The stronger the political party becomes, the less it will be able to unite. Direct democracy throughout the United States will mean majority rule in a select number of elected representatives. As a result, the Constitution's framers formed two independent divisions of the legislative branch, namely the Senate and the House of Representatives. The integration of representative democracy is evident in Article 1 of Section 2 of the Constitution. It points out the criteria for members of each legislative branch. Hamilton is

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Gonzalez 4 in favor of the adoption of the Constitution, as it would restrain the influence of factions and deter war. In Federalist No. 11, Alexander Hamilton concludes that the United States lacks a navy force. During the American Revolution, the colonists relied on French and Spanish military equipment. He reflects on the matter of the monopoly of European influence on the sea. The Colonies sent vulnerable ships that would be targeted by opposing forces. Hamilton anticipates the European will not have much reason to hope the Americans would step in maritime economics. The economic rivalry between states to manufacture products abroad continues because Europe competes for the states' lowest tax rates. The Articles of Confederation enables the colonies to charge other states for their commodities, including cotton, timber, and iron. Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution provides Congress the authority to regulate commerce among states and foreign countries. By forming a nation, the United States will stabilize the economy and raise its export prices. Hamilton understands that Great Britain must cooperate with trade arrangements with the United States, and it can not produce both its materials and factories.