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Liberty University *
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Political Science
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Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by SargentArt8983
Barbara Fuller
January28,2024
Alexis de Tocqueville, the renowned French author of "Democracy in America" (1835), provides profound insights into the American political landscape. Tocqueville contended that the
American conception of government, viewed through the lens of association, stands as a prime advantage. In the United States, he proclaimed that individuals commonly turn to the government for guidance, acknowledging the deliberate establishment of boundaries, laws, and authorities to ensure safety and civility.
Tocqueville explains how Americans, from an early age, are ingrained with a skepticism toward authority, preferring to handle matters independently. According to Tocqueville, the same
spirit is found in all the actions of social life. Government intervention was sought only when an issue surpassed the capacity of the majority to address it. This approach sets Americans apart, emphasizing dialogue and persuasion over hastiness, a stark contrast to the impulsive tendencies seen in Europeans, who were quick to resort to war.
A noteworthy detail unique to America, as Tocqueville points out, is the freedom given to
political associations, unrestricted by secondary bodies, such as aristocracies, as seen in European countries. This freedom is maintained through the influential willpower of the American majority, preventing political associations from succumbing to corruption and veering toward tyranny. According to Tocqueville, the moral domination of the majority in the United States stems from the belief that righteousness is dispersed among many, preventing a concentration of power in a small group who may become corrupt.
Tocqueville's perception of the American government could be distinguished because it has never been done before in any other country. The American government allowed citizens numerous liberties that had historically faltered in other nations. An example lies in the interaction between political associations and the majority's exercise of freedom of the press. He explained that in Europe, political groups could manipulate the freedom of the media to sway the
majority. The American majority understood the impossibility of any solitary group representing their diverse opinions and beliefs. This awareness prevented any group from seizing absolute control.
As citizens play a pivotal role in conferring power upon the government, Tocqueville stresses their duty to participate in elections. The majority's control over both branches of government, especially the legislative branch, is facilitated through direct elections of representatives by the people. Citizens, by engaging in the electoral process, enable the majority to declare its beliefs and act as a check on the government, preventing any potential for tyranny that could infringe upon individual liberties.
Tocqueville's examination of the American government's conception prompts many questions regarding its accuracy and how applicable it is in contemporary times. The decentralization of power, the accentuation of local governance, and the circumscribed role of the central government were foundational elements in Tocqueville's vision for a robust democracy. However, the evolving complexities of modern society have demanded an expanded role for the central government in addressing national challenges.
While Tocqueville's insights hold relevance, specific inadequacies surface when considering the increasing influence of the federal government over time. The intricacies of the 21st century,
encompassing economic globalization, environmental issues, and technological advancements, necessitate a more proactive role from the central government. Tocqueville's emphasis on localism does not fully grasp the intricate interdependencies that encompass a contemporary government.
In conclusion, Tocqueville's observations on the American government's conception provide a foundation for comprehending the historical background of the U.S. political system. Issues such as the potential tyranny of the majority and the delicate balance between individualism and civic responsibility persist through time. However, as we evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Tocqueville's analysis, it becomes evident that the central government's role has adapted in response to the challenges of the modern era. The tension between upholding individual liberties and addressing collective concerns remains a central theme in discussions concerning the size, scope, and power of the central government in the United States.
Tocqueville, Alexis. Democracy in America: Historical-Critical Edition, vol. 2. Liberty Fund, 1835.
*Grammarly was used to correct grammatical errors
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