Physics Lab Report 1

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Jan 9, 2024

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Van Tran, Ally Leung, Maimuna Gigo Experiment Date: August 29th, 2022 Tittle: One-dimensional Motion Lab using a Pasco motorized cart and ramp Purpose: The goal of this lab is to be familiarized with one-dimensional motion concepts such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, rate-of-change, and time intervals. While trying to understand these concepts, there will be practice of collecting and graphing experimental data to analyze the results collected. Procedure: This lab consists of two parts, part one is to understand constant velocity and part two is to understand constant acceleration. In both parts one and two of the lab, the apparatus that will be used is a Nakamura timer, tape, Pasco motorized cart, metric ruler, pencil, and scotch tape. For part two of the lab, the following apparatus of part one will be used along with an m PASCO ramp and a PASCO smart cart. Precautions and Sources of Error: Possible sources of error that could have occurred during the lab was the length of the tape that was measured. In part two of the lab, our group may have measured the tape a bit short than it needed to be and it may have not been enough. Data: Interval Time (s) Interval Distance (m) Total Distance (m) Instantaneous Speed (m/s) 1st 1 s 0.07 m 0.07 0.07 m/s 2nd 2 s 0.085 m 0.155 0.085 m/s 3rd 3 s 0.085 m 0.24 0.085 m/s 4th 4 s 0.085 m 0.325 0.085 m/s 5th 5 s 0.085 m 0.41 0.085 m/s 6th 6 s 0.085 m 0.495 0.085 m/s Calculations:

Total Distance- 0.07m + 0.085m= 0.115m+ 0.085m= 0.240m + 0.085m= 0.325m + 0.085m= 0.410m + 0.085m= 0.495m Average Speed- 0.07m/s + 0.085m/s + 0.085m/s + 0.085m/s + 0.085m/s + 0.085m/s= (0.0495m/s)/6= 0.0825m/s Fitting: Full Screen Acceleration

Velocity Position vs. Time

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Questions: Question 1. How can one find the pulling speed using the dots? Briefly describe using the definition of speed. Speed is defined as the rate of change of position of an object in any direction. Speed is measured as the ratio of distance to the time in which the distance was covered. One can find the pulling speed using the dots on the tape by measuring the distance between the dots marked on the tape. Question 2. Compare your two tapes, the one done manually vs. that done by the cart. How can you determine whether the cart was moving at a constant speed? Support your answer in one or two sentences with your observations. The tape that was done manually may have some inconsistencies based on how fast or slow the person was pulling the cart with the tape. They may have slowed down or sped up while pulling the cart. While the one that was done by the motorized cart would be more constant because the distance between dots on the tape were consistent and equal. The cart was set to run a one constant speed so it would be constant. Question 3. Did the cart travel the same distance from one interval to the next? Use your data to support your statement. After the first interval, I would say the cart did travel the same distance from one to the next. Our data shows that at each interval, the cart traveled 0.085m.

Question 4. Did the cart’s instantaneous speed change from one interval to the next? Support your answer using your data. The cart instantaneous speed did not change from one interval to the next, our data table showed that it was also the same as the distance it traveled. Question 5. If an object moves at a constant speed, then its instantaneous speed at any given moment is the same as its average speed. Thinking about the speed of the cart during the entire 6-second trip, was the average speed equal to any interval’s instantaneous speed? Explain your reasoning. The average speed did equal to the interval’s instantaneous speed because both of their data on the data table have the same values which shows that the averages will also be the same when it is calculated. Question 6. Is the slope value (the number m in y = mx+b) from the equation within about 10% of the value of average speed calculated in Step d? Would you expect these two values to be similar? Why or why not? Yes the slope value is within about 10% value of the average speed calculated in Step d. I would expect the two values to be similar because the speed was similar and there was some room for error which may have made it a bit off. But I did expect for the values to be relatively close. Question 7. How can the trend of the data on the chart allow you to conclude whether you observed motion with constant speed? The data on the chart can allow us to conclude if the observed motion has constant speed because the data we collected showed the distance between the dots on the tape are constant since the distance between the dots are all equal. Question 8. Compare the trends in the data in your three plots. In which of the plots, position, velocity, or acceleration, does the value increase linearly with time? In which, if any, is the trend nonlinear? Did any of the plots show a constant value over time? Question 9. How does one obtain the acceleration value from the linear fit of a graph of velocity vs time? (Refer to your textbook if necessary.) Question 10. The fit line is a way of incorporating all data into a single best estimate of the acceleration. Let’s compare this to the instantaneous acceleration calculated at

each moment. Look in the acceleration column your Capstone data table, these are the instantaneous acceleration values. How are the instantaneous acceleration values similar or different to the single acceleration value obtained from the best-fit line? Results and Discussion:

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