PHYS 2B Lab 6 - Ibrahim Ayub (1)

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San Jose State University *

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2B

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 6: Magnetic Field Sources (Online Lab) Goal: To understand some sources of magnetic fields, a magnetic field’s relationship with currents, and to visualize various geometries for magnetic fields. Part 1. Permanent magnets Go to the following website: https://www.physdataexperiment.net/sjsu-2b-lab and under Magnetic Fields click on Magnetic Fields Lines Experimental Observations. Take a look at the experimental setup. Then click on Experiment 1 Data , showing pictures of a whiteboard placed on top of a table. 1. Look at the pictures that show no bar magnet and 1 bar magnet from the Experiment 1 Data . Use these pictures as your observations. The red end of a compass in a magnetic field points in the direction of the magnetic field. a. Compasses align themselves with Earth’s magnetic field. Explain what happens to the compasses when the bar magnet is placed on the board. b. Is the magnetic field, observed through the compass’s behavior, a vector or scalar quantity? How do you know? a. The compass’s needle with the same pole repels away from the magnet when the bar magnet is placed on the board. b. Magnetic Fields are a vector quantity because they have magnitude and direction. 2. Focus on the configurations with two bar magnets placed near each other in the following pictures. Describe what you notice based on how the compasses point. The compass’s needles pointed towards the south part on both of the magnets. The needle pointed to the closest south part of the magnet. 3. Consider the figure below with two bar magnets of equal strength sitting parallel to each other. Consider a point P between the two magnets in the exact geometric center
of that empty space. Answer the following questions about what is happening at point P due to the presence of these magnets. a. At point P, due to the top magnet, in what direction would a magnetic field vector point? b. At point P, due to the bottom magnet, in what direction would a magnetic field vector point? c. What can you say about the vector sum, , due to these two magnetic fields at Σ𝐵 → point P? Explain. d. At the end of the Experiment 1 Data , a compass is placed at point P. Where is the compass pointing, and why is it pointing in that direction? a) The magnetic field vector would point upwards b) The magnetic field vector would point downward c) The magnetic field vector sum would be neutral d) The compass is pointing North as it normally would Part 2. Current Carrying wires Go to the following website: https://www.physdataexperiment.net/sjsu-2b-lab and under Magnetic Fields click on Magnetic Fields Lines Experimental Observations.
Take a look at the experimental setup. Click on Experiment 2 Data where you will see the experimental set-up shown below that we use to study the magnetic field created by a long straight wire. On the platform seven compasses are arranged to surround a bundle of 50 wires that will carry a current 𝐼(𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑠).
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1. Make predictions and observations by answering the following questions. a. What is the source of the magnetic field you are measuring when the current is set to = 0.0 amps? 𝐼 The direction of the magnetic field caused by a long straight wire is determined using the “right hand rule”. Your right fingers curve in a partial-circle around your straight thumb. When you line up your curved right fingers with the magnetic field produced by the wire, shown by the behavior of the compasses, your thumb will point in the direction of the current. The picture below shows what the compasses look like when there is no current in the wires. a. The earth
b. Use the “right hand rule” to predict the direction of the magnetic field, clockwise, or counterclockwise, if the current is set to = 1.0 amp and moving upward relative to this 𝐼 set-up (Forward connection to the power supply). State your prediction below before looking at the actual situation. c. Does your prediction align with what you actually observe? Why or why not? d. What are the sources of the magnetic field when the current through the wire is turned on? Should you consider the magnetic field created by the rest of the rectangular loop of current? 2. What will happen to the direction of the magnetic field if you reverse the direction of the current? Make your prediction, then observe what actually happens. Are you surprised? The direction of the magnetic field will be counterclockwise Yes my prediction aligned with my observation because they all turned counterclockwise which showcase the direction of the magnetic field. The battery is the source of the magnetic field. Yes, you should consider the magnetic field created by the rest of the rectangular loop of current. The source of the magnetic field is the battery. So yes you should consider that the magnetic field is created by the rest of the rectangular loop of current.
3. Returning now to the current moving upward in the wires (Forward connection to the power supply), the magnitude of the current will be reduced to = 0.5 amp, and = 0.1 𝐼 𝐼 amp. a. What will happen to the compass needles? Make your prediction before you observe the effect. b. What is the relationship between the current through the wire and the magnitude of the magnetic field created by this current? How do you know? 5. The solenoid is a cylindrical coil wire with many windings. Go to the following website: https://www.physdataexperiment.net/sjsu-2b-lab and under Magnetic Fields click on “Coil Magnetic Field Simulation”. a. What happens when you change the direction of the current through the coil? b. How does the magnetic field around the solenoid compare to the other magnetic fields that you have explored in previous parts of this activity? This will be opposite to the first scenario. So this time the magnetic field will be clockwise. The compasses are going the same direction or in this case counterclockwise. The relationship between the current and the magnetic field is called the right hand rule. Meaning as the current is going up the magnetic field is directed towards the counterclockwise direction. And as the current goes down the magnetic field is directed towards the clockwise direction. All of the needles point towards the coil that connects to the negative side of the battery. Its mostly the same because almost all the needles point towards the negative/south side of the battery/magnet.
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