Sun Activity

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Liberty University *

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544

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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2

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Diameter of the Sun Activity Please directly write your answers on this file. Do not convert this Word file into a PDF for your submission. Brief Overview of Activity : A pinhole can form an image in much the same way as a lens. Measuring the size of the Sun's projected image and the distance between the pinhole and the image, you will be able to calculate the diameter of the Sun.    Required Items: a friend to help you, a broom handle (or mop handle or long straight piece of wood of similar dimensions), a ruler (marked in centimeters), two envelopes (or two 5 x 7 index cards), a pencil, masking tape, one stickpin. Number of Observations needed: 1 Timing of Observations: near noon on a bright sunny day. Grading Criteria: 70 % - doing the activity and providing all data (Preparation and Observation are each worth 35 %) 5 % - submitting the required photo (see below) 25 % - correctly doing the calculation and showing calculation details (worth 10 % of the 25 %) Procedure: Preparation: Use the stickpin to poke a small hole near the center of one of the envelopes. Mark a location near the top of the broom handle with masking tape (this is
where your friend will hold the envelope with the pin-hole). Mark another location near the end of the broom handle with masking tape (this is where you will observe and mark the image). Carefully measure the distance between your two marked locations on your broom handle. Make your measurement to the nearest 0.1 centimeter and record here: D = ___________ cm. Observation: Caution: never stare directly at the Sun. Gather your friend, marked broom handle, two envelopes, pencil, and then head outside. With your friend holding the envelope with the pinhole at the upper marked position and you holding the other envelope at the lower marked location, align the broom handle such that a small faint image of the Sun's disk is seen on the lower envelope. You may find it convenient to actually sit on the ground for this procedure. With a pencil, carefully mark the location of opposite sides of the Sun's disk. Above is a diagram of the setup. Calculation: From your marked envelope (or index card), carefully measure the size of the projected image of the Sun's disk to the nearest 0.1 centimeter and record here: d = __________ cm. Next, use the relationship below to calculate the Sun's diameter in kilometers. The distance to the Sun is 1.5 x 10 8 km. Sun’s diameter in kilometers image diameter in centimeters d ----------------------------------------- = ---------------------------------------------------- = -- Distance to the Sun in kilometers distance between image and pin-hole in cm D Record your calculated value for the diameter of the Sun ______________________ km Note: You must show your step-by-step calculation for full credit (worth 10 %). Attach a photo of your setup here.
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