AP Physics_ Final Project - Mr. Hsi

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How Do You Properly Calculate the Physics Behind The Thor vs. Iron Man Scene? Link to Movie Scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcTHcNkuNUM What Happened? ○ Thor throws a hammer into Iron Man. The hammer causes Iron Man to be propelled through a tree. However, no damage is done to his suit nor himself. ○ The physics concepts that were demonstrated within this particular scene were collision and projectile motion. What is wrong with this scene? ○ The force required to break through a pine tree should be too much for Iron Man to withstand, even with his suit ○ Iron Man shouldn't have been able to be projected through the tree without a loss in speed. ○ Thor shouldn't have been able to throw his hammer into Iron Man hard enough to send him flying backwards that fast. ○ Iron Man should have traveled a much greater distance due to the high velocity in which he was going.

Math Done Behind the Scenes: How much force would Iron Man have to absorb? Crushing Strength of a Pine Tree: 4800psi Mass of Iron Man with suit: 186kg Height of Iron Man: 68.5inches Length of Back: 25.2inches Width of Back: 13.2inches Pounds of force = psi * area of impact = 4800 psi * (6.3inches * 13.2inches) = 399,168lbs = 399,168lbs (4.45) = 1,776,297.6N How fast would Iron Man have to be going? F*t = mv V = (F*t)/m = (7,105,190N * .5s) / 186kg = 18,796.8m/s What is the horizontal velocity of the tree? Vx = Δx /t = 2m/1.56s Vx = 1.28m/s

In the movie The Avengers by Joe Russo, Anthony Russo, and Joss Whedon there are several physics concepts that are demonstrated within multiple scenes. In Thor vs . In The Iron Man scene, the physical concepts of collision and projectile motion were demonstrated. In physics, a collision is any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time. Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory. Within the scene, Thor throws a hammer into Iron Man. The hammer causes Iron Man to be propelled through a tree but no damage is done to his suit nor himself. However, the physics behind this scene is inaccurate. The force required to break through a pine tree should be too much for Iron Man to withstand, even with his suit. Thor shouldn't have been able to throw his hammer into Iron Man hard enough to send him flying backwards that fast and Iron Man shouldn't have been able to be projected through the tree without a loss in speed. Iron Man should have also traveled a much greater distance due to the high velocity in which he was going. In order to accurately calculate the physics behind the Thor vs . Iron Man scene, a little research had to be done. How much force would Iron Man have to absorb? I researched the height of Iron Man, the length and width of his back, mass of his suit as well as the strength needed to crush a pine tree. In order to solve this, I needed to calculate the psi multiplied by the area that experienced the impacted force. Psi is a unit of pressure expressed in pounds of force per square inch of area. It stands for pounds per square inch. The psi of 4800 is the strength needed to crush a pine tree. 4800 psi would be multiplied by the area of impact so that is a small vertical strip of Iron Man’s back that pressed against the round curvature of the tree times the width of Iron Man’s back - 4800psi (6.3inches * 13.2inches). After plugging this into the calculation, I got a force of 399,168 pounds. Force is measured in newtons so based on research 1 pound is equivalent to 4.45 newtons. So, I had to multiply 399,168 pounds by 4.45 newtons, giving me a final of 1,776,297.6 newtons. Therefore, 1,776,297.6 newtons would be the amount of force that Iron Man would have to absorb but he did lose velocity which is why he landed on the ground shortly after. How fast would Iron Man have to be going? Change in momentum must be solved to answer this question. Momentum is a measurement of mass in motion, how much mass is in how much motion. In order to solve for the change in momentum, I used the question force times time

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equals mass time the change in velocity (F*t = mΔv). This equation represents one of two primary principles to be used in the analysis of collisions during this unit. To truly understand the equation, it is important to understand its meaning in words. In words, it could be said that the force times the time equals the mass times the change in velocity. In physics, the quantity force times time is known as impulse and since the quantity mass times velocity is the momentum.. The equation really says that the impulse changes in momentum. Rather than keeping the equation as F*t = mv, I rearranged it in order for it to say that I am solving for velocity - V = (F*t)/m. I know force is 7,105,190N, time is .5 seconds which can be observed and timed from the scene film, and mass is 186kg which is the mass of Iron Man’s suit - (7,105,190N * .5s) / 186kg. After plugging this equation into the calculator, I got a final answer of 18,796.8 m/s. Therefore, Iron Man would have had to be going 18,796.8m/s to break through the pine tree. What is the horizontal velocity of the tree? This is ultimately a projectile motion question being asked. Because I am given the time and x-distance, I was able to calculate the assumed horizontal velocity of the tree. For projectile motion, there is only one component of initial velocity - Vx = V, whereas Vy = 0. Horizontal velocity can be expressed by dividing the horizontal displacement by time - Vx = Δx /t. The value of ‘x’ would be 2m because within the film, Iron Man was the distance he projected after getting the hammer thrown at him. The value of ‘t’ would be 1.56 seconds because I used my stopwatch to time from when the hammer hit Iron Man to when he crashed through the pine tree. When I finished determining these values, I established an equation of Vx = 2m/1.56s. I then plugged this equation into my calculation and got a final answer of 1.28m/s. The events that took place in the Thor vs. Iron Man scene consisted of inaccurate physics. The force required to break through a pine tree should be too much for Iron Man to withstand, even with his suit. Iron Man shouldn't have been able to be projected through the tree without a loss in speed and he should have traveled a much greater distance due to the high velocity in which he was going. According to my calculations, this scene would have been shot very differently and contain a more realistic scene.

Works Cited https://celebily.com/chris-hemsworths-height-weight-body-measurements/#:~:text=For%20some one%20so%20athletic%2C%20it,but%20they're%20still%20drooling https://celebily.com/robert-downey-jr-s-height-weight-and-body-measurements/ http://www.marveldirectory.com/miscellaneous/ironmanmarkvi.htm https://www.sideshow.com/collectibles/marvel-thor-hammer-museum-replicas-901440 https://www.wood-database.com/eastern-white-pine/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_throw

Is it True that Hulk Shouldn’t Have Survived His Fall After the Explosion? Link to Movie Scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQHlO3l2YuI What happens? ○ The Hulk plummets to Earth after an explosion on a jet. ○ The Hulk survives the impact after landing on an abandoned concrete building which is quite impossible in reality. ○ The physics concepts that were demonstrated within this particular scene were freefall. What is wrong with this scene? ○ The Hulk should not be able to survive a fall from that height. ○ The Hulk’s speed on impact would be too high and it would create too much force for his body to withstand. ○ The oxygen levels, air pressure, and temperature at such a high altitude should be too much for the Hulk to easily withstand.

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Math Done Behind the Scenes: How fast is the Hulk going on impact? What is the horizontal velocity of Hulk after the fighter jet explodes? Vx = Δx /t = 3,810m/2.41s Vx = 1581m/s

In the movie, The Avengers by Joe Russo, Anthony Russo, and Joss Whedon there are several physics concepts that are demonstrated in several scenes. In the scene where the Hulk falls to the earth, the physical concept of free fall is demonstrated. In Newtonian physics, free fall is defined as the motion of an object where gravity is the only force acting on it. In the scene, the Hulk plummets to Earth after an explosion on a jet. The Hulk survives the impact after landing on an abandoned concrete building. However, the physics behind this scene is inaccurate. The Hulk should not be able to survive a fall from that height and cause his speed on impact would be too high and it would create too much force for his body to withstand. The oxygen levels, air pressure, and temperature at such a high altitude should be too much for the Hulk to easily withstand. The Hulk should have died after he plummets to Earth after the explosion and my calculation will prove it. How fast is the Hulk going on impact? The motion of falling objects is the simplest and most common example of motion with changing velocity. The formula I used to solve for the velocity from each given height was V equal square root of 4 times mass times gravity over pressure times amplitude - V = rad4mg/pA. The value being plugged into ‘m’, mass is 445 because that is how much the Hulk weighs. The value being plugged into ‘g’, gravity is 9.81 m/s^2 because that’s the most accurate value for gravity. The value being plugged into ‘p,’ pressure is different for height. The value for pressure can be determined based on my research where I discovered a ‘Physical Properties of U.S. Standard Atmosphere’ chart that provides values for all atmospheric properties such as pressure. The values being plugged into ‘A’, area. Based on research the area values of the jet would be 2.1 meters times .71meters. I plugged in each different value for the pressure that corresponds with the height and I noticed a relationship. The higher the height, the lower the pressure and the higher the height, the lower the velocity. Even if an individual would just get out of a crashing plane at the last minute, it wouldn't survive because he/she is hitting the ground with all the speed and momentum of a plane crash. What is the horizontal velocity of Hulk after the fighter jet explodes? This is ultimately a projectile motion question being asked. Because I am given the time and x-distance, I was able to calculate the assumed horizontal velocity of the tree. For projectile motion, there is only one component of initial velocity - Vx = V, whereas Vy = 0. Horizontal velocity can be expressed by dividing the horizontal displacement by time - Vx = Δx /t. The value of ‘x’ would be 3,810 meters because based on research the fighter jet was flying 15,240 meters high and the scene clip

shows that the Hulk only got about ¼ of the way down so ¼ of 15,240 is 3,810. The value of ‘t’ would be 2.41 seconds because I used my stopwatch to time from when the fighter jet exploded and Hulk flew off until about ¼ of the way down. When I finished determining these values, I established an equation of Vx = 3,810m/2.41s. I then plugged this equation into my calculation and got a final answer of 1,581m/s. The events that took place in the Hulk plummets to Earth includes inaccurate physics. The Hulk should not be able to survive a fall from that height because his speed on impact would be too high and it would create too much force for his body to withstand. According to my calculations, this scene would have been shot in a different way, because unfortunately the Hulk would have died.

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Works Cited https://www.higherpeak.com/altitudechart.html https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/may/20/thisweekssciencequestions2 http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=3088 http://www.braeunig.us/space/atmos.htm https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2017/06/26/can-you-survive-25-foot-fall/42838400 1/ https://www.reddit.com/r/NoStupidQuestions/comments/3votge/would_it_be_possible_to_jump_ out_of_a_passenger/ https://aerocorner.com/blog/how-high-do-airplanes-fly/#:~:text=Most%20 military%20plans%20fly%20at,specially%20designed%20for%20this%20purpose . https://sciencing.com/calculate-force-falling-object-6454559.html https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-2.0/section/10. 9/primary/lesson/acceleration-due-to-gravity-ms-ps

AP Physics_ Final Project - Mr. Hsi

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