Gravity and Orbits - Guided Notes update

docx

School

Chaffey College *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by MateMongoose804

Guided Notes – Gravity and Orbits Name Leah Walker Please type or handwrite notes as you watch the video lecture and answer the included questions. Test Yourself – Falling Bodies When 2 bodies fall, which hits the ground first? A) The heavy one B) The light one C) Neither – They hit at the same time Enter your answer here C- both at the same time. On Earth, the acceleration due to gravity at the surface is 9.8 m/s 2 . Test Yourself – Remembering Newton’s Second Law A shopper pushes two carts, a heavy one and a light one. If she gives both just the same acceleration, you know that: A) She applied a greater force to the heavy cart B) She applied a greater force to the light cart C) She applied the same force to both carts Enter your answer here A; greater force applied to the heavy one Newton’s Third Law of Motion: states that whenever a first object exerts a force on a second object, the first object experiences a force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force that it exerts.

Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity: Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force along a line joining them. The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Test Yourself – Gravity When we dropped a ball and a truck, which felt a larger force from gravity? A) The truck, since it is more massive B) The ball, since it is lighter C) Neither, since they accelerate by the same amount Enter your answer here A; the truck Your Turn – Gravity Try calculating the force of gravity (weight) you would feel standing on the surface of a planet with a radius twice that of Earth and a mass twelve times that of Earth. Make sure you show all of your work. If you need to, you can submit a separate sheet with your handwritten calculations as an image file, JPEG format. Enter your answer here: g = G12m/(2r) 2 = 3(gm/r 2 ) = 3mg Fill in the following table for the terms that we find in the gravity equation: Name Variable Units acceleration F g N Gravitational G n Mass of Object 1 m 1 kg Mass of Object 2 m 2 kg Distance between the two Objects d m Orbits: The orbit is the path an object takes around another object due to gravitational attraction. It is a predictable path that is repeated regularly.

Freefall: The motion of an object can be described as freefall when the only force acting upon it is gravity. This means that there are no other forces such as friction, air resistance, tension, or anything pushing or pulling on the object. Test Yourself: Moon’s Orbit Why doesn’t the Moon crash into Earth? A) The Moon’s gravity pulls it away from Earth B) The Sun’s gravity pulls it away from Earth C) The reaction force from Earth’s gravity pulls the Moon away from Earth D) The Moon is moving fast enough to avoid hitting Earth Enter your answer here: D Kepler’s Laws: Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three principles that describe the motion of planets in the solar system.  All the planets revolve around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.  A planet orbiting the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times along its elliptical path.  The square of a planet's sidereal period is proportional to the cube of its distance from the Sun. Test Yourself – Kepler’s 3 rd Law Io orbits Jupiter at the same distance that Titania orbits Uranus. However, Io takes 1.7 days to orbit while Titania takes 8.7 days. What does this tell us? A) Io has more mass than Titania B) Titania has more mass than Io C) Jupiter has more mass than Uranus D) Uranus is farther from the Sun than Jupiter Enter your answer here: C

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Test Yourself – Orbit Energy Total orbit energy (TOE) is the sum of kinetic (KE) and gravitational potential energy (GPE) of an orbit. Which describes what happens to kinetic, gravitational, and total orbit energy of a planet during an orbit? A) KE is maximum when closest to the Sun, GPE is maximum when farthest away, and TOE never changes B) KE is maximum when farthest from the Sun, GPE is maximum when closest, and TOE never changes C) KE, GPE, and TOE are all maximum when closest to the Sun D) KE, GPE, and TOE are all maximum when farthest from the Sun Enter your answer here: A Orbit Energy: Kinetic energy : Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. Kinetic energy is the property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. Gravitational potential energy : Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has by virtue of its position above the surface of the Earth. Total Orbital Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses while it is in motion. It is defined as the amount of work required to accelerate a body with a specific mass from rest. This energy, which is gained during acceleration, is maintained as kinetic energy unless there is a change in the object's velocity. Escape Velocity: Escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a planet or moon.

Capture into Orbit: To capture something into orbit, you must lose kinetic energy. Three ways to make this happen are: #1) Rocket #2) Friction #3) Encounter with a 3 rd body Test Yourself – Capture A comet is captured into a closer orbit around the Sun because of an encounter with Jupiter. What does this do to the orbit of Jupiter (hint: think about orbit energy)? A) It gets slightly closer to the Sun. B) It gets slightly farther from the Sun. C) It could get closer or farther from the Sun. Enter your answer here: B Tides: Tides are periodic changes in sea level that occur on Earth due to the gravitational forces exerted by the Sun and the Moon. These changes are examples of cyclic deformations of one astronomical body caused by another. Test Yourself – Spring Tides At what phase(s) of the Moon will Earth experience a spring tide? (Hint: It helps to draw some pictures of the Earth-Moon system here.) A) Full B) 1 st and 3 rd quarters C) New D) Full and new Enter your answer here: D

Related Documents

lab 2 x.pdf

phys1402_exp9_report_template.xls

test2.docx

Lab7_activity.pdf

HW 6.1.pdf

KeplerLawLabActivityAnswerSheet NA.doc

HW10.docx

practice-final7-solution.pdf

Lab 7 - Stars and Galaxies.pdf

Lab 5 - Conservation of Momentum - F23.pdf

SCI238Assignment2Solutions - SCI 238 Online - Fall 2023.pdf

SCI238Assignment5Solutions - SCI 238 Online - Fall 2023.pdf

Recommended textbooks for you

Inquiry into Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Cengage

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...

Physics

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Astronomy

Physics

ISBN:9781938168284

Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff

Publisher:OpenStax

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...

Physics

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

University Physics Volume 1

Physics

ISBN:9781938168277

Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Inquiry into Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781337515863
Author:Ostdiek
Publisher:Cengage
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University