Ripple+Tank+Gizmo+Virtual+Lab

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2019 Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Ripple Tank Vocabulary: constructive interference, crest, destructive interference, diffraction, Huygens’ Principle, interference, law of superposition, node, refraction, trough, wave, wavelength Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo .) 1. The image below shows small ripples, or waves , moving through water in a pond. Circle the description below that you think describes the motion of a wave most accurately. A. Each wave consists of a set of water molecules moving outward from the center. B. When a wave passes, water molecules move up and down before returning to near their original position. 2. Waves have crests (high points) and troughs (low points). The wavelength of a wave is the distance between adjacent crests (or troughs). Label the crests, the trough, and the wavelength on the image at left. Gizmo Warm-up A ripple tank, such as the one shown in the Ripple Tank Gizmo, is a shallow pan of water with a vibrating motor that produces waves. The tank is lit from above so that the wave crests and troughs are visible. Ripple tanks are particularly useful because many properties of water waves are shared by other kinds of waves that are harder to see. Check that Open tank is selected and the Wavelength is 4.0 cm. Click Play ( ) and observe. Click Pause ( ) when the first wave reaches the right edge of the tank. 1. The light regions represent troughs while the dark areas represent crests. About how much simulation time does it take the wave to cross the tank? _________(K1) 2. Click Reset ( ). Set the Wavelength to 16.0 cm, and click Play . Click Pause when the waves reach the edge. How did increasing the wavelength affect the shape and speed of the waves?

2019 ____________________________________________________________________(T1/ C1)

2019 Activity A: Wave motion Get the Gizmo ready :  Select Barrier with 3-cm gap from the Scenario menu. Question: What causes wave motion? 1. Predict : In this activity, you will test two hypotheses for wave motion. Circle the hypothesis you think is closest to the truth. Hypothesis 1: Waves are sets of particles moving together due to their forward momentum. Hypothesis 2: Waves occur when particles transmit energy to other particles in all directions but don’t move far from their original positions. 2. Make connections : The hypothesis describes how some materials flow. For example, consider the mudslide shown at left. Compared to point A , point B is nearly three times farther from where the mudslide landed at the bottom of the mountain. Why did the mudslide miss point A but hit point B ? (T2) _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Which hypothesis is demonstrated by the motion of the mud? (T1) _____________________________ 3. Predict : The Gizmo shows a barrier with a small gap that waves can pass through. Points A and B are equal distances from the gap. A. If hypothesis 1 is true, which point do you think will be hit by a wave first? Explain. (T1 C1) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ B. If hypothesis 2 is true, which point do you think will be hit by a wave first? Explain. (T1 C1) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ (Activity A continued on next page)

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2019 Activity A (continued from previous page) 4. Observe : Check that the Wavelength is 9.0 cm, the Wave strength is 1.20, and the waves are Planar . Drag arrows (found on the left side of the Gizmo) to the positions of points A and B on the diagram. Press Play . Click Pause when the first wave reaches point A . A. What do you notice about the shape of the wave after it passes through the barrier? (T1/C1) ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ B. Do the waves reach point A first, point B first, or do they reach points A and B at about the same time? (K2) ____________________________________________ 5. Infer : What do your observations suggest regarding the two hypotheses? (T1 C1) ________ _________________________________________________________________________ The ability of waves to spread from a point such as the gap in the barrier is called diffraction . This ability allows waves to turn corners in ways that individual particles cannot. The fact that waves reached point B at the same time as point A demonstrates that waves in water move differently from the mud in the landslide. Activity B: Diffraction Get the Gizmo ready :  Click Reset . Check that the Barrier with 3-cm gap is selected and the Wave strength is 1.20.  Remove the arrows from the tank.  Set the Wavelength to 6.0 cm. Question: What factors control diffraction? 1. Investigate : Click Play , wait for the waves to reach the right side of the tank, and click Pause . Sketch the waves in the left picture. Click Reset , and repeat the procedure with the Barrier with 6-cm gap selected. (You will have to set the Wavelength to 6.0 cm again.) (C2)

2019 2. Predict : Which wave to you think will diffract through a larger angle when it passes through a barrier with a 10-cm gap: A wavelength of 5.0 cm or a wavelength of 30.0 cm? (T1) __________ 3. Test : Select the Barrier with 10-cm gap . Play simulations with wavelengths of 5.0 cm and 30.0 cm. What do you notice? (C1 A1) __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Summarize : In general, what is the relationship between diffraction and the ratio of wavelength to gap width?(C1 A1) ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Apply : A typical sound wave has a wavelength of 1 meter. The wavelength of green light is about 500 billionths of a meter. Which type of wave will tend to diffract more through a narrow gap that is about 1 centimeter wide? Explain. (C2 A2) _________________________________________________________________________ 6. Light from air strikes the surface of water (n = 1.33) at an angle of 36° relative to the surface as it comes from the air. Calculate the angle of refraction (show all steps!) (K3/T3/A3) 7. Light falls on a pair of slits 1.30 µ m apart. The maxima are measured to be 61.0 cm apart and the screen is a distance of 1.00 m from the slits. Determine the wavelength of light (show all steps!). (K3/T3/A3) Total (10% of Course Grade): K - /9 T - /15 C - /11 A - /10

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