centripetal

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name_____ Lab Partners ______________________________ Centripetal Force Read the experiment and answer the following questions. Purpose: The purpose in this experiment is to observe a mass as it undergoes centripetal motion and to understand what forces aside from centripetal force is acting upon the mass 𝑚 . Procedure: summary of what we are doing, String a plastic tube on the nylon cord and place a rubber stopper on one end and a hanging mass on the other end. Hold the plastic tube and spin the rubber stopper above the head in a circular path. Use a stopwatch to time how long it takes to make 20 rotations. Change the rubber stopper mass, length of string above the rube (radius), and mass of the hanging mass and repeat to see how these factors affect the results. 1. Define centripetal force. the force that is directed inward toward the center of rotation and is required to keep an item moving along a curved path. 2. What supplies the centripetal force for (a) a satellite in orbit around the Earth, (b) the mass in uniform circular motion in this experiment? a) Gravitational force between satellite and earth supplies necessary centripetal force b) Tension formed in the string produces necessary centripetal force to the mass in uniform circular motion in this experiment 3. An object moving in uniform circular motion is accelerating. How can this be, since uniform motion implies constant motion? Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. Velocity is a vector, so for a body in uniform circualar motion, the speed doesn't change but the direction of the speed changes. So velocity is changing, which means the body has acceleration. 4. For an object in uniform circular motion, on what parameters does the determination of the centripetal force depend when we use F = ma? For experimental determination of centripetal force, the parameters that determine the centripetal force are - the mass of the body , the radius of the circle & the speed of rotation. 5. If the centripetal force acting on an object in uniform motion suddenly ceased to act or went to zero, what would happen to the object? That is, what would be its subsequent motion? If the centripetal force acting on an object in uniform motion suddenly ceased to act or went to zero then the object fallows linear motion along the tangent to the circular path. 6. Suppose that the centripetal force acting on an object in circular motion were increased to a new value, and the object remained in a circular path with the same radius. How would it motion be affected?

Centripetal force is increases without any change in radius then the velocity is increases since centripetal force is directly proportional to the square of the velocity of the object 7. Explain how the centripetal force is directly determined for each apparatus described in the experiment. One can measure speed v and radius r. Centripetal force = mass*acceleration = m*v^2/r To determine period of revolution for computation of centripetal force. Mass of bob ________________0.456kg__________ Radius of circular path ___________6.5 inches__________ Average time per revolution _______0.8433__________ Average speed of bob (v) _______1.2301___________ Computed value of centripetal force ___4.1785_______ Calculations: Attach additional pages if needed. Direct measurement of centripetal force____0.500 kg__________ Percent difference ________________36.3 __%_____________ Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Number of revolutions 10 10 10 Total Time (s) 8.46 8.58 8.26 Time/ revolution(s) 0.846 0.858 0.826

To observe the effect of varying mass. Mass of bob ________________0.556_____________ Radius of circular path ____________6.5 inches_________ Average time per revolution ______0.901_____s______ Average speed of bob (v) _______1.151___m/s________ Computed value of centripetal force ____4.46 N______ Calculations: Attach additional pages if needed. Direct measurement of centripetal force____0.400 kg__________ Percent difference ___________12.7%____________________ To observe the effect of varying radius. Mass of bob ________0.456___kg__________________ Radius of circular path ________8___inches__________ Average time per revolution ___0.718______________ Average speed of bob (v) ____1.78__m/s____________ Computed value of centripetal force ___7.11__N_____ Calculations: Attach additional pages if needed. Direct measurement of centripetal force____0.650__kg________ Percent difference ______________10.8__%_______________ Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Number of revolutions 10 10 10 Total Time (s) 8.8 9.16 9.07 Time/ revolution(s) 0.88 0.916 0.907 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Number of revolutions 10 10 10 Total Time (s) 7.01 7.26 7.26 Time/ revolution(s) 0.701 0.726 0.726

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