Measuring Motion and Uncertainty Worksheet (1)

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Measuring Motion and Uncertainty Worksheet These lab activities have evolved over many years of use in Clemson University’s Department of Physics and Astronomy general astronomy laboratory. Contributors include, in chronological order, Tom Collins, Mark Leising, Neil Miller, Peter Milne, Grant Williams, Donna Mullenax, Jessica Crist, Keith Davis, Amber Porter, Steven Bromley, and David Connick. Please direct all questions, complaints, and corrections to David Connick (dconnic@clemson.edu) who is responsible for all errors and omissions. Student Name:________________ Lab Section:__________ II. Measuring by Hand 1) What is the inherent uncertainty of the ruler provided? (Remember to use the cm side of the ruler and the give the uncertainty in units of mm and cm). 2) Fill in the table with your hand made measurements for the motion of Mars and Jupiter. Planet First Measurement (cm) Second Measurement (cm) Third Measurement (cm) Average of Measurements (cm) Mars Jupiter 3) What is the deviation of your measurements from the average for each planet? (this is experimental uncertainty) (Use units of cm to express your uncertainty) 4) Which of your uncertainties is larger (inherent or experimental)? (Denote which method and the value) 5) Write your answer for the distance each planet traveled with uncertainty attached. (Example: 5.2 +/- 0.2 cm) Mars: Jupiter: 6) Using the uncertainties in your measurements, determine the range of possible distances traveled by completing the table.

Planet Minimum distance (cm) Maximum distance (cm) Mars Jupiter 7) Which planet traveled farther during the time from August 24th to September 10 th and by how much? 8) What is the minimum difference in travel distance between the two planets considering the uncertainties in measurements? (show or describe how you get your answer) 9) Is the difference in travel distance consistent with what you know about these planets? (Think about Keplers 3rd law, write at least 3 sentences of explanation and reference the data you collected to support your answer) 10) Calculate the travel distance in centimeters per day for each planet. Include uncertainty in each answer. Mars: Jupiter: III. Measuring in Starry Night 11) Record the information about the moon’s closest approach to Earth. Date Time Distance (km)

12) Complete the table as you find the average angular radius of the moon at its closest approach to the Earth. Top Right Bottom Left Average Angular radius 13) What is the angular radius of the moon with uncertainty when it is closest to the Earth? 14) What is the angular diameter of the moon with uncertainty when it is closest to the Earth? Return to the instructions to set up Starry Night for your next set of measurements. 15) Record the information about the moon’s furthest distance from the Earth. Date Time Distance (km) 16) How long does it take for the moon to get from its smallest distance from Earth to its largest? 17) Complete the table as you find the average angular radius of the moon at its furthest distance from the Earth. Top Right Bottom Left Average Angular radius 18) What is the angular radius of the moon with uncertainty when it is furthest from the Earth? 19) What is the angular diameter of the moon with uncertainty when it is furthest from the Earth?

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20) What is the minimum change in angular size of the moon from closest to furthest distance from the Earth? (explain which numbers you are using for the calculation) 21) What is the maximum change in angular size of the moon from closest to furthest distance from the Earth? (explain which numbers you are using for the calculation) 22) Does this activity support the hypothesis that the angular size of the moon changes based on its distance from the Earth? (Write at least 3 sentences using the data you collected to justify your answer)

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